Malkot (Judaism)
Type of flagellation and punishment mentioned in the Torah
Malkot (Hebrew: מלקות, lit. 'whipping'), sometimes translated as "flogging" or "lashes", is a type of flagellation, and a punishment mentioned in the Torah. The punishment was given to Jews who violated one of Mitzvah's lo te'aseh bemeizid.
The laws of Malkot can be found in Masekhet Makkot.
Torah
Malkot originates as a form of court-administered punishment in Deuteronomy 25:1–3:
When people have a dispute, they are to take it to court and the judges will decide the case, acquitting the innocent and condemning the guilty. If the guilty person deserves to be beaten, the judge shall make them lie down and have them flogged in his presence with the number of lashes the crime deserves, but the judge must not impose more than forty lashes. If the guilty party is flogged more than that, your fellow Israelite will be degraded in your eyes.In the text, a judge may impose up to forty stripes as punishment, but no more, explicitly to preserve the offender's dignity. This reflects an ethical concern that an offender remain "your brother" – i.e. a fellow Israelite – and not be dehumanized by excessive beating. Biblical law envisioned flogging as a corrective measure rather than vengeance, even describing God as disciplining Israel "as a man chastises his son". Aside from a specific case (a slanderer of a virgin, who is fined and flogged per Deut.
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