Zinc transporter ZIP9
protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Zinc transporter ZIP9, also known as Zrt- and Irt-like protein 9 (ZIP9) and solute carrier family 39 member 9, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC39A9 gene. This protein is the ninth member out of 14 ZIP family proteins, and is a membrane androgen receptor (mAR) coupled to G proteins that is classified as a zinc transporter protein. ZIP family proteins transport zinc metal from the extracellular environment into cells through cell membrane.
Classification and nomenclature
Mammalian cells have two major groups of zinc transporter proteins; the ones that export zinc from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space (efflux), which are called ZnT (SLC30 family), and ZIP (SLC39 family) proteins whose functions are in the opposite direction (influx). ZIP family proteins are named as Zrt- and Irt-like proteins because of their similarities to Zrt and Irt proteins which are respectively zinc and iron -regulated transporter proteins in yeast and Arabidopsis that were discovered earlier than ZIP and ZnT proteins. ZIP family consists of four subfamilies (I, II, LIV-1, and gufA), and ZIP9 is the only member of subfamily I.
Isoforms
ZIP9 can be present as three different isoforms in human cells. The canonical isoform of this protein has a length of 307 amino acids, with a molecular mass of 32251 Da. In the second isoform, amino acids 135–157 are missing, so its length and molecular weight are respectively reduced to 284 amino acids and 29931 Da. In the third isoform the amino acids 233–307 are missing, so the isoform only has 232 amino acids and its molecular mass is 24626 Da. Additionally, the last amino acid of isoform 3, which is usually serine, is replaced with aspartic acid.
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