Salience network
Large scale brain network of the human brain, composed of the anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, which is involved in detecting and filtering salient stimuli, as well as in recruiting relevant functional networks
The salience network (SN), also referred to as the midcingulo-insular network (M-CIN) or cingulo-opercular network in anatomical parcellation schemes, is a large scale network of the human brain that is primarily composed of the anterior insula (AI) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). It is involved in detecting and filtering salient stimuli, as well as in recruiting relevant functional networks. Together with its interconnected brain networks, the SN contributes to a variety of complex functions, including communication, social behavior, and self-awareness through the integration of sensory, emotional, and cognitive information.
The network is detectable through independent component analysis of resting state fMRI images, as well as seed based functional connectivity analysis. The functional connectivity has been linked with structural connectivity through diffusion tensor imaging, which reveals white matter tracts between the AI and dACC.
Anatomy
The salience network is primarily anchored at the anterior insula (AI) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). The node in the AI corresponds with the dorsal-anterior division distinguished in meta-analyses of task-positive network related neuroimaging studies. The AI and dACC are linked via a white matter tract along the uncinate fasciculus. Other regions of the network may include the inferior parietal cortex, right temporoparietal junction, and lateral prefrontal cortex.
The subcortical nodes have yet to be structurally linked to the AI and dACC, however both seed-based and resting-state studies have observed intrinsic connectivity of the cortical nodes, with subcortical nodes consisting of the sublenticular extended amygdala, the putamen, the ventral striatum, the dorsomedial thalamus, hypothalamus, and the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area. The salience network is also distinguished by distinct cellular components, including von Economo neurons in the AI/dACC. Cortico-striatal-thalamic loop circuits contribute to the salience network.
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This entry incorporates text from “Salience network” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.