Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire
psychometric instrument for visual imagery vividness
The Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) was developed in 1973 by the British psychologist David Marks. The VVIQ is a self-reported survey consisting of 16 items in four groups of four. For each question, the participant is invited to consider the mental image formed when thinking about specific scenes and situations, carried out with eyes closed and/or with eyes open, and compare the image to visual perception. The vividness of each image is rated along a 5-point scale, producing a score between 16 and 80, with higher scores corresponding to less vivid visual mental imagery.
The questionnaire has been widely used as a measure of individual differences in vividness of visual imagery, appearing in studies of mental imagery in a variety of fields including cognitive psychology, clinical psychology, and neuropsychology. VVIQ scores are commonly reversed from the original 1973 publication, such that lower scores correspond to less vivid mental imagery.
In 1995, Marks published an updated version called the VVIQ2. This questionnaire consists of twice the number of items. It also reverses the rating scale so that lower scores reflect lower vividness, matching the consensus-established preference of researchers.
The VVIQ has spawned imagery vividness questionnaires across several other modalities including auditory, movement, olfactory, wine imagery, and haptic movement.
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This entry incorporates text from “Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.