Tympanoplasty
surgical operation on the ear, with restoration of the drum membrane
Tympanoplasty is the surgical operation performed to reconstruct the tympanic membrane and possibly other middle-ear structures after injury.
Classification
Tympanoplasty is classified into five different types, originally described by Horst Ludwig Wullstein (1906–1987) in 1956.
Type 1 involves repair of the tympanic membrane alone, when the middle ear is normal. A type 1 tympanoplasty is synonymous to myringoplasty.
Type 2 involves repair of the tympanic membrane and middle ear in spite of slight defects in the middle ear ossicles.
Type 3 involves removal of ossicles and epitympanum when there are large defects of the malleus and incus. The tympanic membrane is repaired and directly connected to the head of the stapes.
Type 4 describes a repair when the stapes foot plate is movable, but the crura are missing. The resulting middle ear will only consist of the Eustachian tube and hypotympanum.
Type 5 is a repair involving a fixed stapes footplate.
This brief starts where responsible research should: with the source description of “Tympanoplasty” as surgical operation on the ear, with restoration of the drum membrane. Everything that follows is an evidence route, not borrowed authority.
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Vocabulary and entity names are the principal evidence signals here, because they determine the precision of every later search. The source revision retrieved here is dated Aug 29, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q9363646. None of the 0 selected statements returned an explicit reference. The first chronological checks are 1906, 1987 and 1956.
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This entry incorporates text from “Tympanoplasty” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.