Tune stone
important runestone from about 200–450 CE
The Tune stone is a runestone written circa 200–450 AD. It is written in the Elder Futhark script, and its language is Proto-Norse. It was discovered in 1627 in the church yard wall of the church in Tune, Østfold, Norway. Today it is housed in the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History in Oslo. The Tune stone is possibly the oldest Norwegian attestation of burial rites, inheritance, and beer.
Inscription
The stone has inscriptions on two sides, called side A and side B. Side A consists of an inscription of two lines (A1 and A2), and side B consists of an inscription of three lines (B1, B2 and B3), each line done in boustrophedon style.
The A side reads:
A1: ekwiwazafter·woduri
A2: dewitadahalaiban:worahto·?[---
The B side reads:
B1: ????zwoduride:staina:
B2: þrijozdohtrizdalidun
B3: arbijasijostezarbijano
The transcription of the runic text is:
A: Ek Wiwaz after Woduride witandahlaiban worhto r[unoz].
B: [Me]z(?) Woduride staina þrijoz dohtriz dalidun(?) arbija arjostez(?) arbijano.
The English translation is:
I, Wiwaz, made the runes after Woduridaz, my lord. For me, Woduridaz, three daughters, the most distinguished of the heirs, prepared the stone.
The name Wiwaz means 'the promised one', from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wegʷʰ-ós, while Woduridaz means 'fury-rider'.
This brief starts where responsible research should: with the source description of “Tune stone” as important runestone from about 200–450 CE. Everything that follows is an evidence route, not borrowed authority.
Why this record matters
The subject matters to the general reference register because the source frames it as important runestone from about 200–450 CE. Its deeper value depends on whether names, dates, institutions and citations support that framing.
Named sources, stable identifiers and responsible institutions provide the strongest route from overview to verifiable evidence. The source revision retrieved here is dated Jun 8, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q784508. Authority coordinates are 59.292, 11.083. 1 of 1 selected statements include explicit references; 0 carry qualifiers and 0 use preferred rank. The first chronological checks are 1627.
Overview language is designed for orientation and should not be treated as a substitute for the evidence cited beneath it. The lead is largely declarative, so disagreement and counter-evidence require a deliberate search beyond the opening account. Authority statements aid reconciliation but still require their own references, qualifiers and ranks to be checked.
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This entry incorporates text from “Tune stone” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.