Psammogeton involucratus
species of plant, radhuni
Psammogeton involucratus, or radhuni' in Bengali (Bengali: রাধুনি), is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae. It is grown extensively in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Indonesia. Its aromatic dried fruits are often used in Bengali cuisine including that of Bangladesh and West Bengal in India. It is sometimes used as one of the key ingredients of "Panch phoron" replacing the mustard seeds in Indian cuisine. The fresh leaves are used as an herb in Thailand and it is used medicinally in Myanmar and Sri Lanka.
Characteristics
The small dried fruits, commonly referred to as seeds, are similar in appearance to those of ajwain, celery, and caraway. Because of their similarity in both appearance and flavor, it is often confused or substituted with celery seed.
Etymology
Known as radhuni' in Bengali (Bengali: রাধুনি), is often confused with celery and is known as wild celery in English. It is known as ajmod in Hindi (Hindi: अजमोद) and Urdu (Urdu: اجمود), both derived from Sanskrit ajamoda (Sanskrit: अजमोद) or ajamodika (Sanskrit: अजमोदिका), from which the name for ajwain is also derived. It is also known as kant-balu in Burmese, and phak chi lom in Thai (Thai: ผักชีล้อม), although this name may also refer to a variety of celery.
“Psammogeton involucratus” enters the record as species of plant, radhuni. Crown Archives preserves that source wording while asking what Psammogeton, involucratus and species can confirm, complicate or overturn.
Why this record matters
“Psammogeton involucratus” is worth following because a concise public description often conceals a longer documentary argument. Here, Psammogeton, involucratus and species provides the most credible route into that argument.
Stable identifiers, scientific names and standards terminology offer the best bridge between this overview and specialist evidence. The source revision retrieved here is dated Jul 3, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q673731. None of the 0 selected statements returned an explicit reference.
Scientific names, classifications and consensus can change while older terminology persists in catalogues and historical literature. The source lead contains qualifying language; that uncertainty should survive quotation, summary and reuse. Authority statements aid reconciliation but still require their own references, qualifiers and ranks to be checked.
How to read it
Check terminology, classification and the date of the cited evidence. Scientific names and technical consensus can change while older records retain historical value.
- Current terminology
- Classification context
- Finding cited technical literature
Primary datasets, specimen catalogues, standards bodies and the most recent peer-reviewed literature.
Three-step research path
- Establish the record: confirm the title “Psammogeton involucratus”, its source revision and the description used here.
- Expand the search: follow Psammogeton involucratus primary sources, Psammogeton involucratus archive and Psammogeton research across catalogues and specialist indexes.
- Test the account: compare the strongest cited source with the responsible institution’s current record and note any disagreement.
Questions for further research
- Which source most directly establishes the central claim about “Psammogeton involucratus”?
- Has classification or technical consensus changed since the cited source?
- Which observation, specimen, dataset or publication supports the account?
Search terms from this dossier
This entry incorporates text from “Psammogeton involucratus” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.