Tossol
geological features
Tossol is a Catalan word (hillock) used to refer to protuberances that form in lava flows and that when the lava cools become small hills. In the Jordà beech forest (in the Garrotxa Volcanic Zone Natural Park, in Catalonia, Spain) there are more than 50 tossols (spatter cones) formed by the interaction between lava flows and pre-existing wetlands that, when covered by lava at more than 1000 °C, boiled with large bubbles that raised and deformed the flow forming the tossols. These in the Garrotxa Volcanic Zone are found in three lava flows, that of the Croscat volcano (Jordà beech forest), that of the Puig Jordà volcano (Tosca Forest), that of the Montolivet volcano (Pla de Dalt) and the lava flow located in La Moixina and the Parc Nou in Olot.
Bibliography
Francis, Pete & Oppenheymer, Clive. 2015. Volcanoes. Oxford University Press. 496 p. ISBN 9780199254699.
This brief starts where responsible research should: with the source description of “Tossol” as geological features. Everything that follows is an evidence route, not borrowed authority.
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The subject matters to the general reference register because the source frames it as geological features. Its deeper value depends on whether names, dates, institutions and citations support that framing.
The citation trail is more important than the brevity of the summary: it shows where individual claims can be examined in context. The source revision retrieved here is dated Oct 5, 2025. The linked authority identifier is Q21293431. The first chronological checks are 1000 and 2015.
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This entry incorporates text from “Tossol” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.