Thul Hairo Khan
Buddhist stupa
The Thul Hairo Khan (Sindhi: ٺلھ هيرو خان) is a Buddhist stupa, built possibly between the 5th and 7th centuries CE near the modern-day town of Johi, in Sindh, Pakistan. It was constructed using cheroli and mud mortar to combine mud bricks and baked bricks. The stupa is 50 feet (15 m) high and 30 feet (9.1 m) wide in size. The stairs on the north side of the stupa lead to its top. The stupa has an arched tunnel from north to south at ground level. It is believed that stupas such Hairo Khan were built in Sindh between the 5th and 7th centuries CE. Thul of Hairo Khan appears to be part of a series also discovered in other regions of Sindh.
History
According to some accounts, Buddhism spread in the Sindh in the 3rd century BCE during the reign of Emperor Ashoka of the Maurya Empire. Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Maurya Empire and who was supported by the kingdoms of Sindh and Punjab, defeating Greek dominance there. Sindh became a division of the Maurya Empire in 305 BCE; and during the Maurya Empire, Buddhism thrived in Sindh at large, particularly throughout the realm of Ashoka the Great. During the time of Mauryan rule, Sindhi monks (Bhikshus) attended the second and third Buddhist councils held in 278 BC and 253 BC. The Chinese monk Faxian came to Sindh in 641 CE and recorded that there were eighty-eight thousand stupas up to the borders of Sindh.
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