Spine shelving
book shelving technique

Spine shelving is a book-shelving technique where the spine faces downward resting on the shelf.
Books are usually shelved upright with the spines facing out. When a book is taller than the distance between shelves, it is usually placed sideways or shelved horizontally i.e., flat. Shelving with the spine facing outwards protects the book from damage and makes it easier to see the information about a book. Spines normally include the book title, the author's name, and the publisher. In libraries, they may also include the call number.
The opposite, with the spine facing inwards, is called foredge shelving.
History
Prior to the invention of the printing press, books were sparse and early libraries did not require formal shelving techniques; books were usually stored on sloped shelves for display or stacked horizontally with their spines facing into the shelf. The Chained Library was created in the late Middle Ages as a way to provide broad access to books. Available books were chained to shelves as security measures, and faced fore-edge out so the chain could be attached without causing damage.
The public source identifies “Spine shelving” as book shelving technique. This brief keeps that definition visible, then builds a research path around Spine, shelving and book.
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This entry incorporates text from “Spine shelving” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.