Object pronouns in Spanish
category of pronouns in Spanish grammar
In Spanish, object pronouns are personal pronouns that take the function of the object in the sentence. Object pronouns may be both clitic and non-clitic, with non-clitic forms carrying greater emphasis. When used as clitics, object pronouns are generally proclitic, meaning they appear before the verb of which they are the object; enclitic pronouns (pronouns attached to the end of the verb) appear with positive imperatives, infinitives, and gerunds. Non-clitic forms, by contrast, can appear anywhere in the sentence but can only rarely be used without their clitic counterparts. When used together, clitic pronouns cluster in specific orders based primarily on person; clitic doubling is often found as well. In many dialects in Central Spain, including that of Madrid, speakers exhibit leísmo, using the indirect object pronoun le as the direct object pronoun where most other dialects would use lo (masculine) or la (feminine).
History
As the history of the Spanish language saw the shedding of Latin declensions, only the subject and prepositional object survived as independent personal pronouns in Spanish: the rest became clitics. These clitics may be proclitic or enclitic, or doubled for emphasis. In modern Spanish, the placement of clitic pronouns is determined morphologically by the form of the verb. Clitics precede most conjugated verbs but come after infinitives, gerunds, and positive imperatives.
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