China–Russia relations
bilateral relations between China and Russia
China and Russia share one of the world's most important foreign relationships. Both nations share interest in energy cooperation, military ties, and geopolitical alignment in challenging the collective West at large, including the United States.
Relations between China and Russia go back to the 16th century. Though initially allies during the Cold War, China and the Soviet Union were rivals after the Sino-Soviet split in 1961. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, China and Russia established diplomatic relations, with the relationship strengthening significantly afterwards. The two countries share a land border which was demarcated in 1991, and they signed the Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation in 2001. Ties grew closer following international sanctions against Russia for its 2014 annexation of Crimea, which led Russia to pursue a pivot to China; in that year, China and Russia signed a 30-year gas deal worth $400 billion. In 2019, the two countries defined their relationship as a "comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era." Ties have continued to deepen since the start of the Russo-Ukrainian war in 2022, with Russia increasingly becoming dependent on China while it is under large-scale international sanctions. China and Russia have significant economic ties, and Russia is an important source of natural energy and oil for China, while China is a critical source of consumer and industrial goods for Russia. China is by far Russia's largest trading partner.
The public source identifies “China–Russia relations” as bilateral relations between China and Russia. This brief keeps that definition visible, then builds a research path around China, Russia and relations.
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Named sources, stable identifiers and responsible institutions provide the strongest route from overview to verifiable evidence. The source revision retrieved here is dated Sep 12, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q130570. None of the 0 selected statements returned an explicit reference. The first chronological checks are 1961, 1991, 2001 and 2014.
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This entry incorporates text from “China–Russia relations” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.