Sino-Pakistan Agreement
1963 document between the governments of Pakistan and China establishing the border between those countries
The Sino-Pakistan Agreement is a 1963 document between the governments of Pakistan and China establishing the border between the two countries in the disputed Kashmir region.
The resulting border followed the 1899 Macartney–MacDonald Line as modified by Lord Curzon in 1905 in its essence (see Map 3 below). Pakistan also recognised Chinese sovereignty over lands it controlled in Ladakh, while China recognised Pakistani control over parts of Kashmir it administered. However, Indian writers have insisted that in this transaction, Pakistan ceded approximately 5,300 km2 (2,050 sq mi) of territory to China, while Pakistani writers maintain that Pakistan did not cede any area under its control, and instead was ceded 1,900 km2 (750 sq mi) of territory by China. India claims the agreement is invalid, and claims sovereignty over part of the land. In addition to increasing tensions with India, the agreement shifted the balance of the Cold War by bringing Pakistan and China closer together while loosening ties between Pakistan and the United States.
Issue and result
In 1959, Pakistan became concerned that Chinese maps showed areas of Pakistan in China. In 1961, Pakistani President Ayub Khan sent a formal note to China, with no reply.
After Pakistan voted to grant China a seat in the United Nations, the Chinese withdrew the disputed maps in January 1962, agreeing to enter border talks in March. The willingness of the Chinese to enter the agreement was welcomed by the people of Pakistan.
This brief starts where responsible research should: with the source description of “Sino-Pakistan Agreement” as 1963 document between the governments of Pakistan and China establishing the border between those countries. Everything that follows is an evidence route, not borrowed authority.
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Vocabulary and entity names are the principal evidence signals here, because they determine the precision of every later search. The source revision retrieved here is dated Apr 4, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q7524771. 1 of 1 selected statements include explicit references; 0 carry qualifiers and 0 use preferred rank. The first chronological checks are 1963, 1899, 1905 and 1959.
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This entry incorporates text from “Sino-Pakistan Agreement” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.