Science and technology in Bulgaria
overview of science and technology in Bulgaria
Science and technology in Bulgaria is carried out in a variety of institutions, largely dominated by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS) and several universities.
Overview
Spending on research and development is low, amounting to 0.78% of GDP, and the bulk of public R&D funding goes to the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS). Private businesses accounted for more than 73% of R&D expenditures and employed 42% of Bulgaria's 22,000 researchers in 2015. The same year, Bulgaria ranked 39th out of 50 countries in the Bloomberg Innovation Index, the highest score being in education (24th) and the lowest in value-added manufacturing (48th). By 2020, Bulgaria ranked 42nd, but with an increase in value-added manufacturing to 33rd.
Bulgaria was ranked 37th in the Global Innovation Index in 2025.
Chronic government underinvestment in research since 1990 has forced many professionals in science and engineering to leave Bulgaria. Despite the lack of funding, research in chemistry, materials science and physics remains strong.
High levels of female participation in science and engineering, a legacy of the Socialist era, are characteristic for all fields of research.
Fields of research
ICT
Three per cent of economic output is generated by the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector where 40,000 to 51,000 software engineers are employed.
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Datasets, specimens, observations and peer-reviewed methods provide the appropriate test for the technical claims summarized here. The source revision retrieved here is dated Aug 23, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q3655857. None of the 0 selected statements returned an explicit reference. The first chronological checks are 2015, 2020, 2025 and 1990.
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This entry incorporates text from “Science and technology in Bulgaria” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.