Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
1828–1829 part of the Russo-Turkish wars
The Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 resulted from the Greek War of Independence of 1821–1829; war broke out after the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II closed the Dardanelles to Russian ships and in November 1827 revoked the 1826 Akkerman Convention
in retaliation for the participation of the Imperial Russian Navy in the Battle of Navarino of October 1827.
The Ottoman Empire had bloodily abolished its centuries-old regular army, the Janissary Corps, in 1826. A year later, Great Britain, France, and Russia jointly raided the Ottoman Navy at Navarino. When war broke out between the Ottomans and Russia in 1828, the Ottomans possessed neither a regular army nor a navy. After suffering several defeats, both in the Balkans and in the Caucasus, the Sultan decided to sue for peace, which resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Adrianople on 14 September 1829.
The Balkan front
At the start of hostilities, the Russian army of 100,000 men was commanded by Emperor Nicholas I, while the Ottoman forces were commanded by Agha Hüseyin Pasha appointed by Sultan Mahmut II. In April and May 1828, the Russian commander-in-chief, Prince Peter Wittgenstein, moved into the Danubian Principalities. In June 1828, the main Russian forces under the emperor crossed the Danube and advanced into Dobruja.
The Russians then laid prolonged sieges to three key Ottoman citadels in modern Bulgaria: Shumen, Varna, and Silistra. With the support of the Black Sea Fleet under Aleksey Greig, Varna was captured on 29 September. The Siege of Shumen proved much more problematic, as the 40,000-strong Ottoman garrison outnumbered the Russian forces.
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Vocabulary and entity names are the principal evidence signals here, because they determine the precision of every later search. The source revision retrieved here is dated Aug 26, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q287942. The Library of Congress control number is sh85116067. 1 of 1 selected statements include explicit references; 0 carry qualifiers and 0 use preferred rank. The first chronological checks are 1828, 1829, 1821 and 1827.
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This entry incorporates text from “Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.