Judgement Day in Islam
resurrection of the people on the Day of Judgment, in Islam
In Islam, "the promise and threat" (waʿd wa-waʿīd) of Judgement Day (Arabic: یوم القيامة, romanized: Yawm al-qiyāmah, lit. 'Day of Resurrection' or Arabic: یوم الدین, romanized: Yawm ad-din, lit. 'Day of Judgement'),
is when "all bodies will be resurrected" from the dead, and "all people" are "called to account" for their deeds and their faith during their life on Earth. It has been called "the dominant message" of the holy book of Islam, the Quran, and resurrection and judgement the two themes "central to the understanding of Islamic eschatology."
Judgement Day is considered a fundamental tenet of faith by all Muslims, and one of the six articles of Islamic faith.
The trials, tribulations, and details associated with it are detailed in the Quran and the Hadith (sayings of Muhammad); these have been elaborated on in creeds, Quranic commentaries (tafsịrs), theological writing, eschatological manuals to provide more details and a sequence of events on the Day. Islamic expositors and scholarly authorities who have explained the subject in detail include al-Ghazali, Ibn Kathir, Ibn Majah, Muhammad al-Bukhari, and Ibn Khuzaymah.
Names
Among the names of the Day of Resurrection/Judgement used in the Qur'an are:
al-Qari'ah—the Calamity; (Arabic: ٱلۡقَارِعَةُ), Chapter (surah) 101 is named al-Qari'ah; the word is found in Q.69:4, 101:1, 101:2, 101:3
al-Zalzalah—the Earthquake; (Arabic: الزَّلْزَلَة) Surah 99 is name al-Zalzalah; the word is found in Q.99.1
al-Sa'iqah—the Blast;
Yawm an Thaqila—the Hard Day;
Al-Yawm al-Muhit—the Encompassing Day;
Yawm al-Fasl—the Day of Separation;
al-Tammah al-Kubra—the Great Disaster;
al-Haqqah—the Reality;
Yawm al-Din—the Day of Judgement;
Yawm al-Haqq—the True (inevitable) Day;
Yawm al-Ḥisāb—the Day of Reckoning;
Yawm al-Khuruj—the Day of Exodus (from the graves);
as-sa’a—the [Last] Hour (Arabic: ٱلسَّاعَةُ) is reportedly mentioned 39 times in the Qur’an (54:46, 25:11, 33:63, 30:55, 45:32, 69:2, 79:42, 30:12, 54:1, 43:66, 21:49, 30:14, 22:1, 22:7, 20:15, 40:59, 43:61, 42:17, 12:107, 15:85, 18:36, 45:27, 22:55, 43:85, 47:18, 6:40, 40:46, 42:18, 6:31, 16:77, etc.)
Yawm al-Qiyamah—Day of Resurrection; (Arabic: يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ) Literally means the "rising up at the resurrection" although it "has come to signify the entire series of events to take place" on Judgement day, "although technically "al-sā'a means the actual hour", according to scholars Jane Smith and Yvonne Haddad;
On the Day of Resurrection (Nay! I do swear by the Day of Resurrection) it is mentioned 70 times in the Qur’an.
Related terms include (according to scholars Jane Smith and Yvonne Haddad),
al-Ṣūr—"The Trumpet";
fanāʾ—the "extinction of all save God".
al-ḥashr "means the specific gathering together" of resurrected for their judging;
baʿth "signifies the calling forth for judgement";
al-maʿād—"the return", "the general term used by theologians for the entire process" of resurrection, judgement and consignment to heaven or hell.
al-maḥshar—the terror of the place of assembly;
al-mawqūf—the time of standing before God before being judged by God.
Events
The events prophesied for the day of resurrection and judgement "are numerous and presented in varying ways", but "a sequence of the events" for the day can be made based on both the many details "suggested by the Qur'an" and also on "the elaborations and additions provided as usual by the hadiths, the manuals, and the interpretations of theologians".
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