Hud (surah)
11th chapter of the Qur'an
Hud (Arabic: هود, romanized: Hūd, lit. 'Hud') is the 11th chapter (Surah) of the Quran and has 123 verses (ayat). It relates in part to the prophet Hud. Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl), it is an earlier "Meccan surah", which means it is believed to have been revealed in Mecca, instead of later in Medina.
Verses 105–112 are preserved in the Ṣan‘ā’1 lower text.
Summary
Opening
1–2 The Quran a revelation from God
3–5 Muhammad a warner and a preacher of goodness
6 Infidels cannot hide their sin from God
7–8 God the Creator and Preserver of all creatures
8 The resurrection rejected by the infidels as sorcery
9 They scoff at threatened punishment
10–11 Mercy and judgment alike disregarded by infidels
12 Those who persevere in good works shall be rewarded
13 The unbelievers demand a sign from heaven
14 Muhammad charged with forging the Qurán
14–15 He challenges the infidels to produce ten chapters like it, or to become Muslims
16–17 The miserable fate of those who live for this present world
18 Moses and the Jews attest the truth of the Qurán
19–23 The maligners of prophets shall be cursed
24 The blessed portion of believers
25 Comparison of believers and nonbelievers
History of Noah
26–27 He is sent as a public preacher
28 The chiefs of his people reject him as a liar
29–32 Noah protests his integrity; refuses to drive away his poor followers; deprecates being thought a seer or an angel
33 His people challenge him to bring on the threatened judgment
34–35 Noah declares that God destroys and saves whom he pleaseth
36 Noah's people declare his message a forgery
37 God tells Noah that no more of his people will believe on him
38 He is commanded to make an ark
39 Noah builds the ark and is derided by the people
40–41 Embarks with his followers and one pair each of the animals
42–43 Noah in vain entreats his unbelieving son to embark
44 The waters abate and the ark rests on Al Júdi
45 Noah pleads with God for his son
46 God reproves him for his intercession for his son
47 Noah repents and asks pardon for his fault
48 He descends from the ark
49 This history a secret revealed to Muhammad
History of Hūd
50–52 He is sent to call Ád from idolatry
53 The Ádites reject him as a liar
54–57 Hūd protests his integrity, and declares his trust in God to save him from their plots
58 God delivers Hūd and his followers
59–60 The Ádites reject their messenger and are destroyed
History of Sálih
61 He is sent to call the Thamúdites from idolatry
62 They reject his message
63–64 Sálih protests his integrity, and gives them a she-camel as a sign from God
65 They kill the camel, and are threatened with destruction
66 Sálih and his followers are saved from destruction
67–68 The Thamúdites are miserably destroyed
History of Abraham and Lot
69 God's messengers sent to Abraham—He entertains them
70 He is filled with fear because they refuse to eat his meat
70–71 The angels quiet his fears and tell him they are sent to the people of Lot
71–73 Sarah receives the promise of Isaac and Jacob
74 Abraham intercedes for the people of Lot
75 The angels refuse his request
76 Lot is anxious for the safety of his angel visitors
77–79 The Sodomites attack his house
80 The angels warn Lot to leave the city and inform him of the destruction impending over his people and his wife
81–82 The cities are overthrown and the people killed by a shower of bricks
History of Shuaib
83 He is sent to call the Midianites from idolatry
84–86 He reproaches them for dishonest weights and measures
87 The people reject him, refusing to leave their idols
88–90 Shuaib protests his integrity, and exhorts them to flee the fate of the people of Noah, Hūd, Sálih, and Lot
91 The people threaten to stone him
92–94 Shuaib threatens them with Divine judgment
95–96 God destroys the infidels, but saves Shuaib and his followers
History of Moses
97 He is sent with signs to Pharaoh and his princes
98–100 They reject him, and are consigned to hell-fire
101–105 Exhortation and warning drawn from the fate of these cities
106–109 The condition of the righteous and wicked in judgment
110 Muhammad not to doubt about the religion of the Quraish
Conclusion
111 The Quraish doubt the Quran as the Jews did the Pentateuch
112 God will punish their evil deeds
113–114 Muhammad exhorted to be steadfast
115 An exhortation to prayer
116–118 God just in destroying the unbelieving cities
119 The unbelievers predestinated to damnation
120 The whole history of the prophets related to Muhammad
121–122 Unbelievers threatened
123 Muhammad exhorted to put his trust in God
Exegesis
Quran 11 opens with a discussion on the nature of man and the punishment that awaits those who defy God. Thereafter, the main content of the surah is a series of stories of prophets who warned their people to follow God, the people persisting in defying God, and God punishing and killing them.
25-49 The story of Noah
Verses 11:25-49 tell the story of Noah and how his people did not believe his commands to follow God. The non-believers are drowned in a flood, which includes Noah's son; Noah asks God about this act, but God rebukes Noah as being ignorant and says that Noah's son is "not a member of his family." Surah 66, At-Tahrim, elaborates on this and says that Noah's wife is a non-believer in hell who was unfaithful to her husband.
50-60 The prophet Hud is sent to the ʿĀd
Verses 11:50-60 deal with the prophet Hud, the namesake of the Surah. He was sent to the ʿĀd, an Omani tribe which according to history crumbled sometime between the 3rd and 6th century AD. The ʿĀd did not believe Hud.
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