Endometrial biopsy
Diagnostic medical procedure
The endometrial biopsy is a medical procedure that involves taking a tissue sample of the lining of the uterus. The tissue subsequently undergoes a histologic evaluation which aids the physician in forming a diagnosis.
Medical uses
There are several indications for obtaining an endometrial biopsy from a non-pregnant woman:
Women with chronic anovulation, such as the polycystic ovary syndrome, are at increased risk for endometrial problems, and an endometrial biopsy may be useful to assess their lining specifically to rule out endometrial hyperplasia or cancer.
In women with abnormal vaginal bleeding the biopsy may indicate the presence of abnormal lining such as endometrial hyperplasia or cancer.
In patients with suspected uterine cancer, the biopsy may discover the presence of cancer cells in the endometrium or cervix.
In female infertility, the assessment of the lining can determine, if properly timed, that the patient ovulated; however, the same information can be obtained by a blood test of the progesterone level.
Transvaginal ultrasonography is generally done before obtaining an endometrial biopsy, as it may help in the gynecologic diagnosis, or even make the taking of a biopsy superfluous if the lining is thin. If the endometrial lining is less than 5 mm thick on sonography, it is highly unusual to encounter endometrial cancer.
The test is usually done in women over age 35. A more thorough histologic evaluation can be obtained by a dilatation and curettage, which requires anesthesia.
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This entry incorporates text from “Endometrial biopsy” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.