Acetylpropionyl
chemical compound
Acetylpropionyl, also known as acetyl propionyl or 2,3-pentanedione, is an organic compound, specifically a diketone.
Uses for acetylpropionyl include as a:
Solvent for cellulose acetate, paints, inks, and lacquers
Starting material for dyes, pesticides, and drugs
Flavor, with an odor described as "buttery, cheesy, sweet, nutty, fruity, creamy, caramel"
Food production facilities use acetylpropionyl in foods such as cookies, coffee, cereal, and chocolate. It is also found in nicotine containing liquids for vaping, and in flavored cigarettes. It is often used as a flavoring substitute for diacetyl, but may share similar human pulmonary toxicity.
Safety
As a flavoring agent, it is an ingredient in some e-liquid products for use with electronic cigarettes to give a buttery or caramel flavor. There is substantial evidence of the pulmonary toxicity of acetylpropionyl in animals. Rats exposed to acetylpropionyl develop both fibrosis and necrosis of the respiratory tract. Mice exposed to acetylpropionyl demonstrate more bronchial constriction in response to methacholine challenge. It is also known to cause genetic changes in animal brains.
Acetylpropionyl has been used as a substitute for the toxic flavoring chemical diacetyl.
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The date and method of observation matter as much as the stated conclusion, especially where classification or consensus has changed. The source revision retrieved here is dated Aug 26, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q19903182. None of the 0 selected statements returned an explicit reference.
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This entry incorporates text from “Acetylpropionyl” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.