Penkalas Bridge
bridge in Kütahya, western Turkey
The Penkalas Bridge is a Roman bridge over the Penkalas (today Kocaçay), a small tributary of the Rhyndakos (Adırnas Çayı), in Aezani, Asia Minor (Çavdarhisar in present-day Turkey).
The 2nd-century AD structure was once one of four ancient bridges in Aezani and is assumed to have been the most important crossing-point due to its central location in the vicinity of the Zeus temple and the direct access it provided to the Roman road to Cotyaeum (Kütahya). According to reports by European travellers, the ancient parapet remained in use as late as 1829, having been replaced today by an iron railing.
Around 290 m upstream, another well-preserved, almost identical five-arched Roman bridge leads across the Penkalas.
See also
List of Roman bridges
Roman architecture
Roman engineering
References
Sources
Galliazzo, Vittorio (1994), I ponti romani. Catalogo generale, vol. 2, Treviso: Edizioni Canova, p. 403 (No. 839), ISBN 88-85066-66-6
O’Connor, Colin (1993), Roman Bridges, Cambridge University Press, p. 124 (No.
“Penkalas Bridge” enters the record as bridge in Kütahya, western Turkey. Crown Archives preserves that source wording while asking what Penkalas, Bridge and bridge can confirm, complicate or overturn.
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“Penkalas Bridge” is worth following because a concise public description often conceals a longer documentary argument. Here, Penkalas, Bridge and bridge provides the most credible route into that argument.
Place names and jurisdictional language are key evidence: both can reveal earlier catalogue descriptions and overlooked record series. The source revision retrieved here is dated Dec 9, 2023. The linked authority identifier is Q942877. Authority coordinates are 39.201, 29.612. None of the 1 selected statements returned an explicit reference. The first chronological checks are 1829, 1994 and 1993.
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This entry incorporates text from “Penkalas Bridge” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.