Parnassius hunnyngtoni
species of butterfly
Parnassius hunnyngtoni, the Hannyngton's Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in India. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (Parnassius) of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). Some sources also spell the name as P. hunnygtoni. It is named after Frank Hannyngton who obtained the specimen from the Chumbi Valley.
Range
Northern slope of central Himalaya (Tibet). Previously known from the Chumbi Valley, northern part of India (Sikkim) which currently is occupied by China. It may be in Bhutan.
Description
Original description by Andrey Avinoff:
I received this wonderful new species through the kindness of Mr. Hunnyngton, in honour of whom I have named this minute Parnassius. It comes from high elevations near the Chumbi Valley, South Tibet.
“Parnassius hunnyngtoni” enters the record as species of butterfly. Crown Archives preserves that source wording while asking what Parnassius, hunnyngtoni and species can confirm, complicate or overturn.
Why this record matters
“Parnassius hunnyngtoni” is worth following because a concise public description often conceals a longer documentary argument. Here, Parnassius, hunnyngtoni and species provides the most credible route into that argument.
Datasets, specimens, observations and peer-reviewed methods provide the appropriate test for the technical claims summarized here. The source revision retrieved here is dated Feb 12, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q138186651. None of the 0 selected statements returned an explicit reference.
A general summary may omit uncertainty, sample limits or methodological disagreement that is explicit in the technical record. The source lead contains qualifying language; that uncertainty should survive quotation, summary and reuse. Authority statements aid reconciliation but still require their own references, qualifiers and ranks to be checked.
How to read it
Check terminology, classification and the date of the cited evidence. Scientific names and technical consensus can change while older records retain historical value.
- Current terminology
- Classification context
- Finding cited technical literature
Primary datasets, specimen catalogues, standards bodies and the most recent peer-reviewed literature.
Three-step research path
- Establish the record: confirm the title “Parnassius hunnyngtoni”, its source revision and the description used here.
- Expand the search: follow Parnassius hunnyngtoni primary sources, Parnassius hunnyngtoni archive and Parnassius research across catalogues and specialist indexes.
- Test the account: compare the strongest cited source with the responsible institution’s current record and note any disagreement.
Questions for further research
- Which source most directly establishes the central claim about “Parnassius hunnyngtoni”?
- Is the terminology current, historical or disputed?
- Has classification or technical consensus changed since the cited source?
Search terms from this dossier
This entry incorporates text from “Parnassius hunnyngtoni” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.