Aglossia
Congenital tongue disorder
Aglossia (aglossia congenita) is defined as the substantial loss of tongue. Instances of isolated aglossia (as in aglossia on its own without any other congenital limb defects) are exceedingly rare.
Severity
Aglossia is the most severe form of tongue size defects. It is more severe than other related conditions like hypoglossia, microglossia, and macroglossia.
Unlike aglossia, individuals with hypoglossia/microglossia have a tongue, but the length and width of their tongue is shorter than average. Macroglossia on the other hand refers to tongues that are abnormally large.
Associations with other conditions
Oftentimes, aglossia is associated with other congenital conditions. One example is aglossia-adactylia, characterized as aglossia with digital malformations.
Aglossia can also be associated with defects in other regions of the body, such as the cranium, face, mouth, teeth, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, as well as other internal organs.
Aglossia is also seen as a symptom of a broader set of oromandibular limb hypogenesis syndrome (OLHS) conditions, such as Moebius syndrome and Hanhart syndrome.
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