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Operation Kangaroo

Open-knowledge reference entry

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General referenceInterpretive dossier study · Crown Archives visual atlas
Record originEnglish Wikipedia
Text licenseCC BY-SA 4.0
Source revisionFeb 25, 2026
Entity authorityQ85790939 ↗
Source-derived summary

Operation Kangaroo, or Operación Canguro, was part of an informal immigration initiative — "informal" due to the fact that there were no formal diplomatic relationship between the two countries — that brought male, Spanish, assisted migrants to Australia to work as cane-cutters in North Queensland.

First contingent

The first group arrived in Brisbane, Queensland, in the SS Toscana (Lloyd Triestino Line), on 9 August 1958.

See also

Plan Martha

Footnotes

References

Garcia, Ignacio (2002), Operación Canguro: the Spanish Migration Scheme, 1958-1963, Jamison Center, ACT: Spanish Heritage Foundation.

Mason, Robert (2018), The Spanish Anarchists of Northern Australia: Revolution in the Sugar Cane Fields, Cardiff : University of Wales Press. ISBN 1-786-83308-5

Tao, Kim (2018), The 60th anniversary of the Spanish migration agreement Archived 18 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Australian National Maritime Museum, 6 August 2018.

External links

Spanish migrants mark 60 years since 'Operation Kangaroo', SBSSpanish, 17 December 2018.

Editorial summary

This brief starts where responsible research should: with the source description of “Operation Kangaroo” as open-knowledge reference entry. Everything that follows is an evidence route, not borrowed authority.

Editorial reviewA concise reference frame for defining the subject, testing terminology and identifying the institution closest to the evidence. The current lead gives the account dated anchors—1958, 2002, 1963, 2018—that can be checked directly. The selected authority fields contribute no independent date. The account is most persuasive where Operation, Kangaroo and Open-knowledge can be independently traced.
Editorial analysis

Why this record matters

The subject matters to the general reference register because the source frames it as open-knowledge reference entry. Its deeper value depends on whether names, dates, institutions and citations support that framing.

Evidence profile

Named sources, stable identifiers and responsible institutions provide the strongest route from overview to verifiable evidence. The source revision retrieved here is dated Feb 25, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q85790939. None of the 0 selected statements returned an explicit reference. The first chronological checks are 1958, 2002, 1963 and 2018.

Critical limits

Overview language is designed for orientation and should not be treated as a substitute for the evidence cited beneath it. The lead is largely declarative, so disagreement and counter-evidence require a deliberate search beyond the opening account. Authority statements aid reconciliation but still require their own references, qualifiers and ranks to be checked.

How to read it

Use the entry as an orientation point, then follow its citations and revision history. Names, dates and institutional relationships should be checked against the original record.

Best used for
  • Subject orientation
  • Search vocabulary
  • Locating named sources
Verify next

The closest primary source, responsible institution and strongest cited specialist reference.

Three-step research path

  1. Establish the record: confirm the title “Operation Kangaroo”, its source revision and the description used here.
  2. Expand the search: follow Operation Kangaroo primary sources, Operation Kangaroo archive and Operation research across catalogues and specialist indexes.
  3. Test the account: compare the strongest cited source with the responsible institution’s current record and note any disagreement.

Questions for further research

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  2. Which institution is responsible for the underlying evidence?
  3. Which cited source is closest to the event, object or claim?
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Source & attribution

This entry incorporates text from “Operation Kangaroo” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.