List of Russian physicians and psychologists

This list of Russian physicians and psychologists includes the famous physicians and psychologists, medical scientists and medical doctors from the Russian Federation, the Soviet Union, the Russian Empire and other predecessor states of Russia. Physicians of all specialties may be listed here.

Alphabetical list

A

Nikolai Amosov, prominent cardiovascular surgery developer, best-selling author

B

Aleksandr Bakulev, prominent cardiovascular surgery developer

Vladimir Bekhterev, neuropathologist, founder of objective psychology, noted the role of the hippocampus in memory, major contributor to reflexology, studied the Bekhterev’s Disease

Vladimir Betz, discovered Betz cells of primary motor cortex

Peter Borovsky, described the causative agent of Oriental sore

Sergey Botkin, major therapist and court physician

Nikolay Burdenko, major developer of neurosurgery

Konstantin Buteyko, developed the Buteyko method for the treatment of asthma and other breathing disorders

C

Mikhail Chumakov, co-discovered tick-borne encephalitis, co-developed oral polio vaccine

D

Livery Darkshevich, neurologist, described the nucleus of posterior commissure

Vladimir Demikhov, major pioneer of transplantology

E

Ekaterina Shabelskaya, psychologist, systemic family therapist, emotionally focused therapist, and supervisor

F

Vladimir Filatov, ophthalmologist, corneal transplantation pioneer

Svyatoslav Fyodorov, inventor of radial keratotomy

G

Pyotr Gannushkin, psychiatrist, pioneer researcher of psychopathies known today as personality disorders

Oleg Gazenko, founder of space medicine, selected and trained Laika, the first space dog

Georgy Gause, inventor of gramicidin S and other antibiotics

Vera Gedroitz, world's first female professor of surgery

Yuliya Gippenreyter, researcher in experimental psychology, family therapy and neuro-linguistic programming

Ilya Gruzinov, found that vocal folds are the source of phonation

H

Waldemar Haffkine, invented the first vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague

I

Gavriil Ilizarov, invented Ilizarov apparatus, developed distraction osteogenesis

Chingis Izmailov, psychophysiologist and psychophysicist, the principal author of the spherical model of color space.

K

Nikolai Korotkov, invented auscultatory blood pressure measurement, pioneer of vascular surgery

Sergey Korsakov, studied the effects of alcoholism on the nervous system, described Korsakoff's syndrome, introduced paranoia concept

Aleksei Kozhevnikov, neurologist and psychiatrist, described the epilepsia partialis continua

Stanislav Kozlovsky, psychophysiologist, studied the neural mechanisms of visual memory and perception.

L

Aleksey Leontyev, founder of activity theory in psychology

Peter Lesgaft, founder of the modern system of physical education in Russia

Andrey Yevgenyevich Lichko, adolescent psychiatrist

Alexander Luria, co-developer of activity theory and cultural-historical psychology, major researcher of aphasia

M

Khalida Mamanova, professor, medical doctor, and participant of the Second World War.

Ilya Mechnikov, pioneer researcher of immune system, probiotics and phagocytosis; coined the term "gerontology", Nobel Prize in Medicine winner

Lazar Minor, neurologist, described Minor's disease

N

Pyotr Nikolsky, dermatologist, discoverer of Nikolsky's sign

Raissa Nitabuch, pathologist, the first to describe the spiral arteries which connect the uterine and placental blood flow during pregnancy.

O

Alexey Olovnikov, predicted existence of telomerase, suggested the telomere hypothesis of aging and the telomere relations to cancer

P

Ivan Pavlov, founder of modern physiology, the first to research classical conditioning, influenced comparative psychology and behaviorism by his works on reflexes, Nobel Prize in Medicine winner

Nikolay Pirogov, pioneer of ether anaesthesia and modern field surgery, the first to perform anaesthesia in the field conditions, invented a number of surgical operations

Peter Herzen, Soviet surgeon and one of the pioneers of oncology in the USSR

Viktor Protopopov, founder of his own pathophysiological school of thought, namesake of Protopopov's syndrome

R

Leonid Rogozov, performed an appendectomy on himself during the 6th Soviet Antarctic Expedition, a famous case of self-surgery

Grigory Rossolimo, pioneer of child neuropsychology

Vladimir Roth, neuropathologist, described meralgia paraesthetica

S

Ivan Sechenov, founder of electrophysiology and neurophysiology, author of the classic work Reflexes of the Brain

Vladimir Serbsky, founder of forensic psychiatry in Russia

Nikolay Sklifosovskiy, prominent 19th-century field surgeon

Victor Skumin, first to describe a previously unknown disease, now called Skumin syndrome (a disorder of the central nervous system of some patients after a prosthetic heart valve)

Eugene Sokolov, founder the Soviet psychophysiology research. Known for his work on the orienting reflex and habituation.

Lina Stern, pioneer researcher of blood–brain barrier

T

George Tavartkiladze, audiologist and otorhinolaryngologist, founder and director of the National Research Centre for Audiology and Hearing Rehabilitation.