Reflex syncope
a brief loss of consciousness due to a neurologically induced drop in blood pressure.
Reflex syncope is a brief loss of consciousness due to a neurologically induced drop in blood pressure or heart rate. Before an affected person passes out, there may be sweating, a decreased ability to see, or ringing in the ears. Occasionally, the person may twitch while unconscious. Complications of reflex syncope include injury from falling.
Reflex syncope is divided into three types: vasovagal, situational, and carotid sinus. Vasovagal syncope is typically triggered by seeing blood, pain, emotional stress, or prolonged standing. Situational syncope is often triggered by urination, swallowing, or coughing. Carotid sinus syncope is due to pressure on the carotid sinus in the neck. The underlying mechanism involves the nervous system slowing the heart rate and dilating blood vessels, resulting in low blood pressure and thus insufficient blood flow to the brain. Diagnosis is based on the symptoms after ruling out other possible causes.
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