Napier Commission
response to crofter and cottar agitation in the Highlands of Scotland
The Napier Commission, officially the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Condition of Crofters and Cottars in the Highlands and Islands was a royal commission and public inquiry into the condition of crofters and cottars in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland.
The commission was appointed in 1883, with Francis Napier, 10th Lord Napier, as its chairman, under William Gladstone's Liberal government of the United Kingdom. The Royal Commission had five other members and published its report, the Report of Her Majesty's Commissioners of Inquiry Into the Condition of the Crofters and Cottars in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, in 1884. The other members were:
Sir Donald Cameron of Lochiel, Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Inverness-shire
Sir Kenneth Mackenzie of Gairloch
Charles Fraser-Mackintosh, MP for Inverness Burghs
Alexander Nicolson, Sheriff of Kirkcudbright
Professor Donald MacKinnon, first occupant of the Chair of Celtic, the University of Edinburgh.
Historical context
The commission was a response to crofter and cottar agitation in the Highlands of Scotland. The agitation was about excessively high rents, lack of security of tenure and deprivation of de facto rights of access to land. It took the form of rent strikes (withholding rent payments) and what came to be known as land raids (crofter occupation of land which landlords had given over to sheep farming and to hunting parks called deer forests). Crofters' War has been used since as a name for this agitation.
In the 1870s there had been sporadic short-lived agitations in Wester Ross and Lewis (then both in the county of Ross). In the early 1880s agitation began in Skye (then in the county of Inverness) and there it became persistent and threatened to spread throughout the Hebrides and the Highlands.
“Napier Commission” enters the record as response to crofter and cottar agitation in the Highlands of Scotland. Crown Archives preserves that source wording while asking what Napier, Commission and response can confirm, complicate or overturn.
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This entry incorporates text from “Napier Commission” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.