Mākua Valley
valley on O'ahu, Hawai'i that was used by the US military for training
The Mākua Valley Struggle is an ongoing land rights dispute between Native Hawaiians and the U.S. military.
Background
The U.S. military has occupied parts of Mākua Valley since the early 1940s.
Struggle
The struggle was triggered by numerous evictions in the Mākua Valley on the island of Oʻahu, and was followed by dozens of more threats, with the main targets being Native Hawaiians who had lived there for fifty years or longer. The evictions began in 1983, which led to numerous sit-ins and camp-ins, and the eventual arrest of 16 protestors after the third eviction in June 1996. Much of this action was started in the 60's, but the two major events happened with the mass arrests and disturbance that occurred on January 20, 1983, and the mass eviction in January 1996. This mass eviction is particularly notable, because the Governor at the time, Ben Cayetano, kept the media from reporting, and even went as far as threatening to arrest and suppress the press should they try to report on the event.
First settlement in 1999 when the U.S. Army halted military testing until the Environmental Impact Statement could be completed. The Environmental Assessment was issued in 2000.
In early 2020, a bill was introduced to clean up and return the land to Hawaii.
Begin with the source’s own compact description: “Mākua Valley” is valley on O'ahu, Hawai'i that was used by the US military for training. The dossier treats that line as a proposition to test through Mākua, Valley and valley, not as a finished interpretation.
Why this record matters
The phrase “valley on O'ahu, Hawai'i that was used by the US military for training” supplies a clear boundary for inquiry. It also exposes the unanswered questions: who defined that boundary, when it became stable and which sources sit outside it.
The citation trail is more important than the brevity of the summary: it shows where individual claims can be examined in context. The source revision retrieved here is dated Aug 5, 2025. The linked authority identifier is Q108303766. None of the 0 selected statements returned an explicit reference. The first chronological checks are 1983, 1996, 1999 and 2000.
Overview language is designed for orientation and should not be treated as a substitute for the evidence cited beneath it. The lead is largely declarative, so disagreement and counter-evidence require a deliberate search beyond the opening account. Authority statements aid reconciliation but still require their own references, qualifiers and ranks to be checked.
How to read it
Use the entry as an orientation point, then follow its citations and revision history. Names, dates and institutional relationships should be checked against the original record.
- Subject orientation
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- Locating named sources
The closest primary source, responsible institution and strongest cited specialist reference.
Three-step research path
- Establish the record: confirm the title “Mākua Valley”, its source revision and the description used here.
- Expand the search: follow Mākua Valley primary sources, Mākua Valley archive and Mākua research across catalogues and specialist indexes.
- Test the account: compare the strongest cited source with the responsible institution’s current record and note any disagreement.
Questions for further research
- Which source most directly establishes the central claim about “Mākua Valley”?
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This entry incorporates text from “Mākua Valley” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.