Mural cell
type of vascular cell
Mural cells are a generalized cell population in the microcirculation that comprises vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs), and pericytes. Both types are in close contact with the endothelial cells lining the capillaries, and are important for vascular development and stability. The vasculature is a system of small, interconnected tubes that ensure there is proper blood flow to all of the organs. Mural cells are involved in the formation of normal vasculature and are responsive to factors including platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The weakness and disorganization of tumor vasculature is partly due to the inability of tumors to recruit properly organized mural cells.
Function during angiogenesis
Mural cells, like pericytes, are important for how blood vessels work. During the growth of new blood vessels (a process called angiogenesis), pericytes help guide how endothelial cells grow and divide. This process relies on the ability of pericytes to contract. In developing mouse retinas, endothelial cells produce a signal called Pdgfb that attracts pericytes to the area where new blood vessels are forming. Pericytes also help control the amount of a growth factor called Vegfa by using a receptor (Vegfr1) that soaks it up.
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