Muhammad Azam Shah
Temporary ruler of Mughal Empire (1707)
Mirza Abu al-Fayaz Qutb al-Din Muhammad Aazam (Persian: ابوالفیاض قطب الدین محمد اعظم; 28 June 1653 – 20 June 1707), commonly known as Azam Shah (Persian: اعظم شاه), was briefly the seventh Mughal emperor from 14 March to 20 June 1707. He was the third son of the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and his chief consort Dilras Banu Begum.
Azam was appointed as the heir-apparent (Shahi Ali Jah) to his father on 12 August 1681 and retained that position until Aurangzeb's death. During his long military career, he served as the viceroy of Berar Subah, Malwa, Bengal, Gujarat and the Deccan. Azam ascended the Mughal throne in Ahmednagar upon the death of his father on 14 March 1707. However, he and his three sons, Bidar Bakht, Jawan Bakht and Sikandar Shan, were later defeated and killed by Azam Shah's older half-brother, Shah Alam (later crowned as Bahadur Shah I), during the Battle of Jajau on 20 June 1707.
Early life
Birth
Qutb-ud-Din Muhammad Azam was born on 28 June 1653 in Burhanpur to Prince Muhi-ud-Din (later known as 'Aurangzeb' upon his accession) and his first wife, Dilras Banu Begum. His mother, who died four years after giving birth to him, was the daughter of Mirza Badi-uz-Zaman Safavi (titled Shah Nawaz Khan) and a princess of the prominent Safavid dynasty of Persia. Therefore, Azam was not only a Timurid from his father's side, but also had in him the royal blood of the Safavid dynasty, a fact which Azam was extremely proud of and after the death of his younger brother, Prince Muhammad Akbar, the only son of Aurangzeb who could boast of being of the purest blood.
Azam's other half-brothers, Shah Alam (later Bahadur Shah I) and Muhammad Kam Bakhsh were the sons of Aurangzeb's Hindu wives.
“Muhammad Azam Shah” enters the record as temporary ruler of Mughal Empire (1707). Crown Archives preserves that source wording while asking what Muhammad, Azam and Shah can confirm, complicate or overturn.
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