Mrs. I. Lowenberg
American author and clubwoman (1845-1924)
Mrs. I. Lowenberg (née, Bettie Lilienfeld; December 11, 1845 – December 1924) was an American author, clubwoman, reformer, and socialite. Born in Alabama and educated in Missouri, she removed to San Francisco, California in 1860 and spent the rest of her life there. Lowenberg was the founder of San Francisco's Philomath Club, the first club in the world composed of Jewish women with a regularly adopted constitution. Her essays focused on various topics, especially on peace and arbitration. All three of her novels advocated for various types of reform.
Early life and education
Bettie Lilienfeld was born December 11, 1845, in Prairie Bluff, Alabama, near Mobile. Her parents, William and Pauline (Levy) Lilienfeld, had immigrated from Prussia and Germany. Bettie's siblings were Jane, Anice, Emma, and Alfred.
She received her education at the convent of St.
The public source identifies “Mrs. I. Lowenberg” as american author and clubwoman (1845-1924). This brief keeps that definition visible, then builds a research path around Lowenberg, American and author.
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Chronology provides the most reliable spine for this subject; interpretation should follow only after identities and dates are secure. The source revision retrieved here is dated Sep 1, 2025. The linked authority identifier is Q118904866. VIAF identifies the subject as 44122402. The Library of Congress control number is no2008148999. 1 of 3 selected statements include explicit references; 0 carry qualifiers and 0 use preferred rank. The first chronological checks are 1845, 1924 and 1860.
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This entry incorporates text from “Mrs. I. Lowenberg” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.