Motoric cognitive risk
syndrome implying high risk of dementia
Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a pre-dementia syndrome characterised by slow gait and subjective cognitive complaints in individuals without dementia or mobility disability.
The concept was introduced in 2013 as a clinical construct integrating motor and cognitive markers of dementia risk.
MCR can be assessed without formal neuropsychological testing or neuroimaging and has been proposed as a simple clinical tool for identifying individuals at elevated risk of dementia in community and clinical settings.
Diagnostic criteria
Motoric cognitive risk syndrome is typically defined by four criteria:
subjective cognitive complaint
objectively measured slow gait speed
absence of dementia
absence of mobility disability.
Slow gait speed is generally operationalised as walking speed at least one standard deviation below age- and sex-specific population norms.
The syndrome combines two clinical features independently associated with dementia risk: gait slowing and subjective cognitive decline.
Epidemiology
Motoric cognitive risk syndrome is relatively common among older adults. A pooled analysis of international cohort studies including more than 26,000 participants estimated a prevalence of approximately 9–10% among community-dwelling older adults.
Population-based studies have investigated the prevalence and determinants of MCR in specific cohorts. Research in community-dwelling older adults in Scotland reported prevalence estimates and identified demographic and health-related predictors of the syndrome.
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