China–Mongolia relations
diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and Mongolia
Diplomatic relations between People's Republic of China and Mongolia were formally established in October 1949. During the Cold War, relations were determined by the relations between China and the Soviet Union, Mongolia's other neighbour and main ally until early 1990. With the rapprochement between the USSR and China in the late 1980s, Chinese-Mongolian relations also began to improve. Since the 1990s, China has become Mongolia's biggest trading partner, and a number of Chinese businesses operate in Mongolia.
Background
Historical
The Han and Mongol (as well as their ancestors, the Proto-Mongols) peoples have been in contact with each other for millennia.
Throughout history, polities in the Central Plains and the Mongolian Plateau have had complicated relations. The Great Wall of China was constructed to ward off attacks by nomads from the north, notably during the Han and Ming dynasties. The Tang dynasty, following its defeat of the Xueyantuo, established the Protectorate General to Pacify the North in 647 to rule the Mongolian Plateau.
In 1271, the Mongols under Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Yuan dynasty as a Chinese dynasty and conquered all of China proper in 1279. In 1368, the Ming dynasty successfully overthrew the Yuan dynasty and the remnant Yuan imperial court was forced to retreat north, thereby forming the Northern Yuan.
Begin with the source’s own compact description: “China–Mongolia relations” is diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and Mongolia. The dossier treats that line as a proposition to test through China, Mongolia and relations, not as a finished interpretation.
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Vocabulary and entity names are the principal evidence signals here, because they determine the precision of every later search. The source revision retrieved here is dated Sep 7, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q1032304. None of the 0 selected statements returned an explicit reference. The first chronological checks are 1949, 1990, 1271 and 1279.
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This entry incorporates text from “China–Mongolia relations” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.