Transition metal hydroxide complexes
Open-knowledge reference entry
Transition metal hydroxide complexes are coordination complexes containing one or more hydroxide (OH−) ligands. The inventory is very large.
Hydroxide as a ligand
Hydroxide is classified as an X ligand in the covalent bond classification method. In the usual electron counting method, it is a one-electron ligand when terminal and a three-electron ligand when doubly bridging.
From the perspective of electronic structure, hydroxide is a strong pi-donor ligand, akin to fluoride. One consequence is that few polyhydroxide complexes are low-spin. Another consequence is that in its electron-precise complexes, the hydroxide ligand is nucleophilic.
Representative complexes
Many hydroxo complexes are prepared by treating metal halides with hydroxide salts. Hydrolysis of basic ligands (amides, alkyls) also produces hydroxide complexes.
Only a few homoleptic hydroxide complexes are known.
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