Cell damage
variety of changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well as internal environmental changes
Cell damage (also known as cell injury) is a variety of changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well as internal environmental changes. Amongst other causes, this can be due to physical, chemical, infectious, biological, nutritional or immunological factors. Cell damage can be reversible or irreversible. Depending on the extent of injury, the cellular response may be adaptive and where possible, homeostasis is restored. Cell death occurs when the severity of the injury exceeds the cell's ability to repair itself. Cell death is relative to both the length of exposure to a harmful stimulus and the severity of the damage caused. Cell death may occur by necrosis or apoptosis.
Causes
Physical agents such as heat or radiation can damage a cell by literally cooking or coagulating their contents.
Impaired nutrient supply, such as lack of oxygen or glucose, or impaired production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) may deprive the cell of essential materials needed to survive.
Metabolic: Hypoxia and ischemia
Chemical agents
Microbial agents: Viruses & bacteria
Immunologic agents: Allergies and autoimmune diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.
“Cell damage” enters the record as variety of changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well as internal environmental changes. Crown Archives preserves that source wording while asking what Cell, damage and variety can confirm, complicate or overturn.
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The citation trail is more important than the brevity of the summary: it shows where individual claims can be examined in context. The source revision retrieved here is dated Mar 7, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q5058184. None of the 0 selected statements returned an explicit reference.
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This entry incorporates text from “Cell damage” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.