Medial knee injuries
medical condition
Medial knee injuries (those to the inside of the knee) are the most common type of knee injury. The medial ligament complex of the knee consists of:
superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL), also called the medial collateral ligament (MCL) or tibial collateral ligament
deep medial collateral ligament (dMCL), or mid-third medial capsular ligament
posterior oblique ligament (POL), or oblique fibers of the sMCL
This complex is the major stabilizer of the medial knee. Injuries to the medial side of the knee are most commonly isolated to these ligaments. A thorough understanding of the anatomy and function of the medial knee structures, along with a detailed history and physical exam, are imperative to diagnosing and treating these injuries.
Symptoms
Patients often complain of pain and swelling over the medial aspect of the knee joint. They may also report instability with side-to-side movement and during athletic performance that involves cutting or pivoting.
Complications
Jacobson previously described the common problems to medial knee surgery. It was stressed that adequate diagnosis is imperative and all possible injuries should be evaluated and addressed intraoperatively. Damage to the saphenous nerve and its infrapatellar branch is possible during medial knee surgery, potentially causing numbness or pain over the medial knee and leg. As with all surgeries, there is a risk of bleeding, wound problems, deep vein thrombosis, and infection that can complicate the outcome and rehabilitation process.
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