Celâl Bayar
3rd President of the Republic of Turkey (1883–1986)
Mahmut Celâlettin "Celâl" Bayar (16 May 1883 – 22 August 1986) was a Turkish economist and politician who was the president of Turkey from 1950 to 1960. He previously served as the prime minister of Turkey from 1937 to 1939.
Bayar was an ally of Talât's in the Committee of Union and Progress, establishing its İzmir and Bursa branches. He organized the 1914 Greek deportations. Following the declaration of the Republic, he founded much of Turkey's early financial institutions, including the country's first bank, İş Bankası. An advocate of liberal economic policies, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk appointed Bayar prime minister in 1937 to liberalize the economy, until he resigned in 1939 under Atatürk's successor -and his political rival- İsmet İnönü.
Until 1945, he was a member of Republican People's Party (CHP) which was the sole legal party. In 1946, he founded the center-right Democrat Party along with Adnan Menderes, Fuat Köprülü and Refik Koraltan. This began Turkey's multiparty period, which still goes on to this day. A peaceful transfer of power from the CHP to DP happened in the 1950 elections, after which Bayar was elected president.
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The citation trail is more important than the brevity of the summary: it shows where individual claims can be examined in context. The source revision retrieved here is dated Sep 22, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q151735. VIAF identifies the subject as 177149196262274790651. The Library of Congress control number is n84017852. 3 of 3 selected statements include explicit references; 0 carry qualifiers and 0 use preferred rank. The first chronological checks are 1883, 1986, 1950 and 1960.
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This entry incorporates text from “Celâl Bayar” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.