Public Sector Undertakings in India
overview of government-owned enterprises in India
Public Sector Undertakings (PSU) in India are enterprises in which at least 51% of the stake in the corporation is under the ownership of the Government of India or state governments. These types of firms can also be a joint venture of multiple PSUs. These entities perform commercial functions on behalf of the government.
Depending on the level of government ownership, PSUs are officially classified into two categories: Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs), owned by the central government or other CPSUs; and State Public Sector Undertakings (SPSUs), owned by state governments. CPSU and SPSU is further classified into Strategic Sector and Non-Strategic Sector. Depending on their financial performance and progress, CPSUs are granted the status of Maharatna, Navaratna, and Miniratna (Category I and II).
Following India's independence in 1947, the limited pre-existing industries were insufficient for sustainable economic growth. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956, adopted during the Second Five-Year Plan, laid the framework for PSUs. The government initially prioritized strategic sectors, such as communication, irrigation, chemicals, and heavy industries, followed by the nationalisation of corporations. PSUs subsequently expanded into consumer goods production and service areas like contracting, consulting, and transportation.
“Public Sector Undertakings in India” enters the record as overview of government-owned enterprises in India. Crown Archives preserves that source wording while asking what Public, Sector and Undertakings can confirm, complicate or overturn.
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Contemporary correspondence, administrative files and participant testimony can test how later narratives organized the event or institution. The source revision retrieved here is dated Sep 23, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q6865694. None of the 0 selected statements returned an explicit reference. The first chronological checks are 1947 and 1956.
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This entry incorporates text from “Public Sector Undertakings in India” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.