Nora M-84
type of Towed gun-howitzer
NORA M-84 (Serbian: Топ — хаубица НОРА, romanized: Top — haubica NORA; NORA acronymic for Serbian: Ново оруђе артиљерије, romanized: Novo oruđe artiljerije, lit. 'New Artillery Weapon tool') is a Yugoslav and Serbian 152 mm and 155 mm gun-howitzer developed by the Military Technical Institute for the Yugoslav People's Army and exports. Gun howitzer NORA has three basic versions (M-84, M-84B1, M-84B2), and is usually towed by a FAP 2026 BS/AV truck.
Development
After producing domestic howitzer M65 155 mm based on the US M114 155 mm howitzer, the Yugoslav People's Army was not satisfied with the maximum range of that gun, and the other existing artillery weapons at disposal. Decisions were made to start domestic production of new large caliber guns. The construction documentation of 152 mm towed gun-howitzer M1955 (D-20) as well as several D-20 guns were bought from the Soviet Union. Dissatisfied with the range of both the US 155 mm and the Soviet 152 mm gun, and considering the lack of desired features, a number of specifications were defined with characteristics that a new domestic gun-howitzer should have:
range with unassisted projectile of 24 km (155 mm howitzer M65 had range 14,9 km, and 152 mm gun D-20 had range of 17,4 km)
new extended range ammunition (28 to 34.5 km)
ability to fire all types of old ammunition for 152 mm gun D-20
wider elevation range (from -5° to +65°)
rate of fire of minimum 4, achieved by development of new semi-automatic wedge-type breach mechanism (155 mm howitzer М65 has rate of fire of only 1 to 2 rpm)
Three versions of NORA were designed:
NORA-A 152 mm gun howitzer with 39-caliber barrel
NORA-B 152 mm self-propelled gun with 45-caliber barrel based on FAP 2832 as carrier
NORA-C 152 mm auxiliary power unit gun howitzer with 45-caliber barrel — parts of this project was planned to be used with a new 203 mm gun named "KOLOS" with a maximum range of more than 50 km that was not realized due to a lack of funds
Work on the NORA project began in 1975, and in May 1980, the first prototype of NORA-A was sent to the Technical Testing Center. In 1984, the development was completed and NORA-A, designated as M-84 NORA, was accepted by the Yugoslav People's Army. In 1989, the M-84 powder chamber was redesigned, the mass of the gun was reduced, and the gun was renamed M-84B1. The M-84B2 version is fitted with a pneumatic loader which is operational at all gun elevations, with a capacity of over 30 work cycles from one standard compressed air tank mounted on one of the trails.
Development of NORA-C was abandoned in 1991, and NORA-B suffered an almost similar fate.
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