Ramon Llull
Majorcan writer and philosopher (c.1232–1315/6)
Ramon Llull (; Catalan: [rəˈmoɲ ˈʎuʎ]; c. 1232 – 1316), sometimes anglicized as Raymond Lully, was a Catholic philosopher, theologian, poet, missionary, apologist and former knight, born in Palma de Mallorca. He invented a philosophical system known as the Art, conceived as a type of universal logic to prove the truth of Christian doctrine to interlocutors of all faiths and nationalities. The Art consists of a set of general principles and combinatorial operations. It is illustrated with diagrams.
A prolific writer, he is also known for his literary works written in Catalan, which he composed to make his Art accessible to a wider audience. In addition to Catalan and Latin, he also probably wrote in Arabic (although no texts in Arabic survive). His books were translated into Occitan, French, and Castilian during his lifetime.
Although his work did not enjoy huge success during his lifetime, he has had a rich and continuing reception. In the early modern period his name became associated with alchemical works. More recently he has been recognized as a precursor of the modern field of social choice theory, 450 years before Borda and Condorcet's investigations reopened the field.
“Ramon Llull” enters the record as majorcan writer and philosopher (c.1232–1315/6). Crown Archives preserves that source wording while asking what Ramon, Llull and Majorcan can confirm, complicate or overturn.
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“Ramon Llull” is worth following because a concise public description often conceals a longer documentary argument. Here, Ramon, Llull and Majorcan provides the most credible route into that argument.
Biographical claims are most persuasive when dates, appointments and relationships can be traced to records created close to the events described. The source revision retrieved here is dated Sep 23, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q193660. VIAF identifies the subject as 120696927. The Library of Congress control number is n79142616. 1 of 4 selected statements include explicit references; 1 carry qualifiers and 0 use preferred rank. The first chronological checks are 1232 and 1316.
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This entry incorporates text from “Ramon Llull” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.