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List of state leaders in the 1st century BC

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Source revisionOct 19, 2024

Entity authorityQ110844014 ↗

Source-derived summary

State leaders in the 2nd century BC – State leaders in the 1st century– State leaders by year

This is a list of state leaders in the 1st century BC (100–1 BC).

Africa

Africa: Northcentral

Libya

Cyrene (complete list) –

Ptolemy Apion, King (c.147–96 BC)

Africa: Northeast

Egypt

Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (complete list) –

Ptolemy IX Lathyros, Pharaoh (116–110 BC, 110–109 BC, 88–81 BC)

Ptolemy X Alexander I, Pharaoh (110–109 BC, 107–88 BC)

Berenice III, Pharaoh (101–88 BC, 81–80 BC)

Ptolemy XI Alexander II, Pharaoh (80 BC)

Ptolemy XII Auletes, Pharaoh (80–58 BC, 55–51 BC)

Cleopatra VI, Pharaoh (58–57 BC)

Berenice IV, Pharaoh (58–55 BC)

Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, Pharaoh (51–47 BC)

Cleopatra VII, Pharaoh (51–30 BC)

Arsinoe IV, Queen (48–47 BC)

Ptolemy XIV, Pharaoh (47–44 BC)

Caesarion, Pharaoh (44–30 BC)

Nubia

Kush (complete list) –

Tanyidamani, Qore (2nd–1st century BC)

Naqyrinsan, Qore (early 1st century BC)

Aqrakamani, Qore (late 1st century BC)

Teriteqas, Qore (c.40 BC)

Amanirenas, Kandake, Queen Regent (c.40–10 BC)

Amanishakheto, Kandake, Queen Regent (c.10 BC–1 AD)

Amanitore, Kandake, Queen Co-regent (c.40–10 BC)

Amanikhabale, Qore (c.50–40 BC)

Africa: Northwest

Algeria

Numidia (complete list) –

Gauda, King (105–88 BC)

Hiempsal II, King (88–60 BC)

Juba I, King (60–46 BC)

Juba II, client King under Rome (29–25 BC)

Morocco

Mauretania (complete list) –

Bocchus I, King (c.110–c.80s BC)

Bocchus II, King (49–c.33 BC)

Bogud, Co-King (49–c.38 BC)

Juba II, client King under Rome (25 BC–23 AD)

Asia

Asia: East

China

Western Han, China (complete list) –

Wu, Emperor (141–87 BC)

Zhao, Emperor (87–74 BC)

Liu He, Emperor (74 BC)

Xuan Di, Emperor (74–49 BC)

Yuan, Emperor (48–33 BC)

Cheng, Emperor (33–7 BC)

Ai, Emperor (7–1 BC)

Ping, Emperor (1 BC–5 AD)

Korea: Three Kingdoms

Baekje (complete list) –

Onjo, King (18 BC–28 AD)

Eastern Buyeo (complete list) –

Hae Buru, King (86–48 BC)

Geumwa, King (48–7 BC)

Daeso, King (7 BC–22 AD)

Goguryeo (complete list) –

Dongmyeong, King (37–19 BC)

Yuri, King (19 BC–18 AD)

Silla (complete list) –

Hyeokgeose, King (57 BC–4 AD)

Asia: South

India

Kanva dynasty (complete list) –

Vasudeva (c.75–c.66 BC)

Bhumimitra (c.66–c.52 BC)

Narayana (c.52–c.40 BC)

Susharman (c.40–c.30 BC)

Satavahana dynasty (Purana-based chronology) –

Satakarni II, King (141–85 BC)

Lambodara, King (85–67 BC)

Apilaka, King (67–55 BC)

Meghasvati, King (55–37 BC)

Svati, King (37–19 BC)

Skandasvati, King (19–12 BC)

Mrigendra Satakarni, King (12–9 BC)

Kunatala Satakarni, King (9–1 BC)

Satakarni III, King (1 BC–1 AD)

Northern Satraps (complete list) –

Hagamasha, Satrap (late 1st century BC)

Hagana, Satrap (late 1st century BC)

Shunga Empire (complete list) –

Devabhuti, Emperor (83–73 BC)

Pakistan

Apracharajas (complete list) –

Indravarman, Raja (1st century BC)

Vijayamitra, Raja (12 BC–15 AD)

Sri Lanka

Anuradhapura Kingdom (complete list) –

Pulahatta, King (103–100 BC)

Bahiya, King (100–98 BC)

Panya Mara, King (98–91 BC)

Pilaya Mara, King (91–90 BC)

Dathika, King (90–88 BC)

Valagamba, King (104–103, c.89–77 BC)

Mahakuli Mahatissa, King (76–62 BC)

Chora Naga, King (62–50 BC)

Kuda Tissa, King (50–47 BC)

Siva I, King (47–47 BC)

Vatuka, King (47–47 BC)

Darubhatika Tissa, King (47–47 BC)

Niliya, King (47–47 BC)

Anula, King (47–42 BC)

Kutakanna Tissa, King (42–20 BC)

Bhatikabhaya Abhaya, King (20 BC–9 AD)

Asia: West

Bithynia (complete list) –

Nicomedes III Euergetes, King (127–94 BC)

Nicomedes IV Philopator, King (94–74 BC)

Socrates Chrestus, King (c.90 BC)

Cappadocia (complete list) –

Ariarathes VIII, client King under Rome (101–96 BC)

Ariarathes IX, nominal King under Pontus (c. 95 BC)

Ariobarzanes I, client King (95–c.63 BC)

Ariobarzanes II, client King under Rome (c.63–51 BC)

Ariobarzanes III, client King under Rome (51–42 BC)

Ariarathes X, client King under Rome (42–36 BC)

Archelaus, client King under Rome (36 BC–17 AD)

Characene (complete list) –

Tiraios I, King (95/94–90/89 BC)

Tiraios II, King (79/78–49/48 BC)

Artabazos I, King (49/48–48/47 BC)

Attambelos I, King (47/46–25/24 BC)

Theonesios I, King (c.19/18)

Attambelos II, King (c.17/16 BC–8/9 AD)

Bosporan Kingdom (complete list) –

Asander, client King under Rome (47 BC, 44–17 BC)

Dynamis, client Queen under Rome (47–14 BC)

Mithridates, client King under Rome (47–44 BC)

Scribonius, King (17–16 BC)

Aspurgus, client King under Rome (8 BC–38 AD)

Colchis (complete list) –

Mithridates, client King under Pontus (fl. 65 BC)

Machares, client King under Pontus (fl. 65 BC)

Aristarchus, client King under Rome (65–47 BC)

Commagene (complete list) –

Mithridates I, King (109–70 BC)

Antiochus I, King (70–38 BC)

Mithridates II, King (38–20 BC)

Mithridates III, King (20–12 BC)

Antiochus III, King (12 BC–17 AD)

Elymais (complete list) –

Kamnaskires III Megas Nikephorus, client King under Parthia (c.85 BC)

Kamnaskires IV, client King under Parthia (c.82/1–c.76/5 BC)

Kamnaskires V, client King under Parthia (c.73/2–c.46 BC)

Kamnaskires VI, client King under Parthia (c.46–c.28 BC)

Kamnaskires VII, client King under Parthia (c.28 BC–c.1 AD)

Indo-Greek Kingdom (complete list) –

Antialcidas, King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, and Gandhara (115–95 BC)

Heliokles II, King of Gandhara and Punjab (110–100 BC)

Polyxenios, King of Paropamisade and Arachosia (c.100 BC)

Demetrius III, King of Gandhara and Punjab (c.100 BC)

Philoxenus, King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (100–95 BC)

Diomedes, King of Paropamisade (95–90 BC)

Amyntas, King of Arachosia and Gandhara (95–90 BC)

Epander, King of Punjab (95–90 BC)

Theophilos, King of Paropamisade (c.90 BC)

Peukolaos, King of Arachosia and Gandhara (c.90 BC)

Nicias, King of Paropamisade (90–85 BC)

Menander II, King of Arachosia and Gandhara (90–85 BC)

Hermaeus, King of Paropamisade (90–70 BC)

Archebius, King of Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (90–80 BC)

Maues, Indo-Scythian King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (85–60 BC)

Artemidoros, King of Gandhara/Punjab (c.80 BC)

Apollodotus II, King of Punjab (80–65 BC)

Telephos, King of Gandhara (75–70 BC)

Hippostratos, King of Western Punjab (65–55 BC)

Dionysios, King of Eastern Punjab (65–55 BC)

Zoilos II, King of Eastern Punjab (55–35 BC)

Apollophanes, King of Eastern Punjab (35–25 BC)

Strato II and Strato III, Kings of Eastern Punjab (25 BC–10 AD)

Indo-Scythian Kingdom (complete list) –

Maues, King (c.85–60 BC)

Vonones, King (c.75–65 BC)

Spalahores, King (c.75–65 BC)

Spalirises, King (c.60–57 BC)

Azes I, King (c.57–35 BC)

Azilises, King (c.57–35 BC)

Azes II, King (c.35–12 BC)

Zeionises, Sub-king (c.10 BC–10 AD)

Kharahostes, Sub-king (c.10 BC–10 AD)

Judea: Hasmonean dynasty (complete list) –

Alexander Jannaeus, King and High Priest (103–76 BC)

Alexandra Salome, Queen (76–67 BC)

John Hyrcanus II

High Priest (76–66, 63–40 BC)

King (67–66 BC)

Ethnarch (47–40 BC)

Aristobulus II, King and High Priest (66–63 BC)

Antipater, Procurator (47–44 BC)

Antigonus, King and High Priest (40–37 BC)

Judea: Herodian dynasty (complete list) –

Herod the Great, client King under Rome (37–4 BC)

Nabataea (complete list) –

Aretas II, King (120/110–96 BC)

Obodas I, King (c.96–85 BC)

Aretas III, King (84–60/59 BC)

Obodas II, King (62/61–60/59 BC)

Malichus I, King (59–30 BC)

Obodas III, King (30–9 BC)

Aretas IV Philopatris, King (9/8 BC–39/40 AD)

Osroene (complete list) –

Bakru II, King (112–94 BC)

Ma'nu I, King (94 BC)

Abgar I, King (94–68 BC)

Abgar II, King (68–52 BC)

Ma'nu II, King (52–34 BC)

Paqor of, King (34–29 BC)

Abgar III, King (29–26 BC)

Abgar IV, King (26–23 BC)

Ma'nu III, King (23–4 BC)

Abgar V, King (4 BC–7 AD, 13–50)

Parthian Empire (complete list) –

Mithridates II, Great King, Shah (124–88 BC)

Gotarzes I, Great King, Shah (95–90 BC)

Orodes I, Great King, Shah (90–80 BC)

Sanatruces, Great King, Shah (77–70 BC)

Phraates III, Great King, Shah (70–57 BC)

Mithridates III, Great King, Shah (57–54 BC)

Orodes II, Great King, Shah (57–38 BC)

Pacorus I,§ Great King, Shah (51 BC)

Phraates IV, Great King, Shah (37–2 BC)

Tiridates II,§ Great King, Shah (32 BC)

Musa, Great Queen, Shah (2 BC–4 AD)

Phraates V, Great King, Shah (2 BC–4 AD)

Pontus (complete list) –

Mithridates VI, King (120–63 BC)

Pharnaces II, client King under Rome (63–47 BC)

Darius, client King under Rome (39–37 BC)

Arsaces, client King under Rome (c.37 BC)

Polemon I, client King under Rome (37–8 BC)

Pythodorida, client Queen under Rome (8 BC–38 AD)

Seleucid Empire (complete list) –

Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, King (114–96 BC)

Seleucus VI Epiphanes, King (96–95 BC)

Antiochus X Eusebes, King (95–92/83 BC)

Antiochus XI Epiphanes, King (95–87 BC)

Demetrius III Eucaerus, King (95–92 BC)

Philip I Philadelphus, King (95–84/83 BC)

Antiochus XII Dionysus, King (87–84 BC)

Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes, King (83–69 BC)

Antiochus XIII Asiaticus, King (69–64 BC)

Philip II Philoromaeus, King (65–63 BC)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

Sapaean kingdom of Thrace (complete list) –

Cotys I, King (57–48 BC)

Rhescuporis I, King (48–41 BC)

Odrysian kingdom of Thrace (complete list) –

Teres III, King (c.149 BC)

Beithys, King (140–120 BC)

Cotys V, King (120–? BC)

Sadalas I, King (87–79 BC)

Cotys VI, King (57–48 BC)

Sadalas II, King (48–42 BC)

Sadalas III, King (42–31 BC)

Rhescuporis II, King (18–13 BC)

Rhascus, King (18–11 BC)

Rhoemetalces I, King (12 BC–12 AD)

Europe: British Isles

Atrebates (complete list) –

Commius, King (57–c.22 BC

Tincomarus, King (c.22–8 AD)

Eppillus, King (8–15)

Verica, King (15–40)

Catuvellauni (complete list) –

Cassivellaunus, Chieftain/Leader (c.

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