List of Cyrillic multigraphs

The following multigraphs are used in the Cyrillic script. The palatalized consonants of Russian and other languages written as C-⟨ь⟩ are mostly predictable and therefore not included here unless they are irregular. Likewise, in the languages of the Caucasus, there are numerous other predictable multigraphs that are not included. These include doubled letters (or whole digraphs) that indicate 'tense' ('strong') consonants and long vowels; sequences with ⟨в⟩, ⟨у⟩, ⟨ә⟩ for labialized consonants; and sequences with ⟨Ӏ⟩ or ⟨ъ⟩ for ejective consonants or pharyngealized consonants and vowels. Tatar also has discontinuous digraphs.

А

⟨аа⟩:

Archi: [aː]

⟨ааӀ⟩:

Archi: [aːˤ]

⟨ан⟩:

Dungan: [æ̃]

⟨аь⟩:

Chechen: [æ]

Ingush: [æ]

Tabasaran: [æ]

⟨аӀ⟩:

Archi: [aˤ]

В

⟨вь⟩:

Shughni: [w]

Г

⟨гв⟩:

Abaza: [ɡʷ]

Archi: [gʷ]

Lezgian: [gʷ]

⟨гг⟩:

Tabasaran: [ɣ]

⟨гу⟩:

Adyghe: [ɡʷ]

Kabardian: [ɡʷ]

Ossetian: [ɡʷ]

Also found in several other languages where ⟨у⟩ is used for labialization (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore does not result in a true digraph).

⟨гў⟩:

Aleut language (Bering dialect): [w]

⟨гъ⟩:

Abaza: [ʁ]

Adyghe: [ʁ]

Aghul: [ʁ]

Archi: [ʁ]

Avar: [ʁ]

Bezhta: [ʁ]

Crimean Tatar: [ɣ]

Dargwa: [ɣ]

Kabardian: [ʁ]

Karachay-Balkar: [ʁ]

Kumyk: [ʁ]

Lezgian: [ʁ]

Ossetian: [ʁ]

Tabasaran: [ʕ]

Tatar: word-final [ʁ]

⟨гъв⟩:

Abaza: [ʁʷ]

Archi: [ʁʷ]

Lezgian: [ʁʷ]

⟨гъу⟩:

Adyghe: [ʁʷ]

Kabardian: [ʁʷ]

Ossetian: [ʁʷ]

⟨гъь⟩:

Abaza: [ʁʲ]

⟨гъӀ⟩:

Archi: [ʁˤ]

⟨гъӀв⟩:

Archi: [ʁˤʷ]

⟨гь⟩:

Abaza: [ɡʲ]

Abkhaz: [ɡʲ]

Aghul: [h]

Archi: [h]

Avar: [ɦ]

Bezhta: [h]

Dargwa: [h]

Kumyk: [h]

Lezgian: [h]

Shughni: [ɣ]

Tabasaran: [h]

⟨гә⟩:

Abkhaz: [ɡʷ]

⟨гӀ⟩:

Abaza: [ʕ]

Aghul: [ʕ]

Archi: [ʕ]

Avar: [ʕ]

Chechen: [ɣ]

Dargwa: [ʡ]

Ingush: [ʁ]

⟨гӀв⟩:

Abaza: [ʕʷ]

Ӷ

⟨ӷь⟩:

Abkhaz: [ʁʲ]

⟨ӷә⟩:

Abkhaz: [ʁʷ]

Д

⟨дж⟩

Abaza: [d͡ʒ]

Adyghe: [d͡ʒ]

Aghul: [d͡z]

Belarusian: [d͡ʐ]

Bulgarian: [d͡ʒ]

Crimean Tatar: [d͡ʒ]

Dargwa: [d͡ʒ]

Kabardian: [d͡ʒ]

Karachay-Balkar: [d͡ʒ] (Karachay); [d͡z] (Balkar)

Komi: [d͡ʒ]

Lezgian: [d͡ʒ]

Ossetian: [d͡ʒ]

Russian: [d͡ʐ]

Tabasaran: [d͡ʒ]

Ukrainian: [d͡ʒ]

⟨джв⟩

Abaza: [d͡ʒʷ]

⟨джь⟩

Abaza: [d͡ʑ]

⟨дз⟩

Abaza: [d͡z]

Adyghe: [d͡z]

Belarusian: [d͡z]

Bulgarian: [d͡z]

Dargwa: [d͡z]

Kabardian: [d͡z]

Komi: [d͡ʑ]

Lezgian: [d͡z]

Ossetian: [d͡z]

Russian: [d͡z]

Shughni: [d͡z]

Tabasaran: [d͡z]

Ukrainian: [d͡z]

⟨дзу⟩:

Adyghe: [d͡zʷ]

⟨дч⟩:

Russian: [t͡ɕ] (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨дь⟩:

Yakut: [d͡ʑ]

⟨дә⟩:

Abkhaz: [dʷ]

Е

⟨ее⟩

Archi: [eː]

⟨ееӀ⟩

Archi: [eːˤ]

⟨еӀ⟩

Archi: [eˤ]

Ё

⟨ён⟩:

Dungan: [jɔ̃]

⟨ёь⟩:

Chechen: [jø]

Ж

⟨жв⟩

Abaza: [ʒʷ]

Archi: [ʒʷ]

Tabasaran: [ʒʷ]

⟨жд⟩:

Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced [ʐd] (palatalized to [ʐdʲ] before ⟨ь⟩ and palatalizing vowels). However, in the word дождь ("rain") and its derivatives, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound [ʑː] (devoiced to [ɕː] in the nominative singular of дождь). The unpalatalized pronunciation [ʐː] in these words (unlike words with ⟨жж⟩ or ⟨зж⟩) is uncommon and considered nonstandard.

⟨жж⟩:

Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced [ʐː].