Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory
conspiracy theory alleging a secret coalition of Jews and Freemasons controlling the world
The Judeo-Masonic conspiracy is an antisemitic and anti-Masonic conspiracy theory involving an alleged secret coalition of Jews and Freemasons. Antisemitism blended after the French Revolution with anti-philosophe, anti-Masonic and anti-Illuminati conspiracy theories, particularly upon the dissemination of the Simonini letter by Augustin Barruel in 1806 and so the idea of the influence of Masons under Jewish domination found fertile ground among diverse European authors throughout the 19th century. These theories are popular on the far-right, with similar allegations still being published.
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
The Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory merges two older strains of conspiracy claims: Masonic conspiracy theories claims and antisemitic conspiracy claims. It was heavily influenced by publication of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a fabricated document that appeared in the Russian Empire purporting to be an exposé of a worldwide Jewish conspiracy. The Protocols claim that the Jews had infiltrated Freemasonry and were using the fraternity to further their aims. Adherents of the Judeo-Masonic conspiracy took the claim made by the Protocols to extremes and claimed that the leaders of Freemasonry and the leaders of the Jewish plot were one and the same.
An example was the Spanish Roman Catholic priest Juan Tusquets Terrats, whose Orígenes de la revolución española and other works built on the Protocols, which he translated, to claim that Jews used Freemasons and communists to undermine Christian and Spanish civilisation, calling for an end to the Second Spanish Republic and providing a justification for the Francoist regime, which expanded the threat to an international Judeo-Masonic-Communist conspiracy (see also: Jewish Bolshevism).
Conceptual influence
According to Danny Keren, a member of the Department of Computer Science at University of Haifa, the "conceptual inspiration" of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion was the 1797 treatise, Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism by the French priest Augustin Barruel, which claimed the Revolution was a Masonic-led conspiracy with the aim of overthrowing the moral teachings of the Catholic Church. According to Keren:
[I]n his treatise, Barruel did not himself blame the Jews, who were emancipated as a result of the Revolution.
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