José de la Serna, 1st Count of the Andes
Viceroy of Peru
José de la Serna e Hinojosa, 1st Count of the Andes (July 28, 1770 – July 6, 1832) was a Spanish general and colonial official. He was the last Spanish viceroy of Peru to exercise effective power (January 29, 1821 to December 1824).
Background
He was born in Jerez de la Frontera on 28 July 1770. His family had been dedicated to military careers for many generations. He was the 7th of the nine children of Álvaro de la Serna and Figueroa (Jerez de la Frontera, July 12, 1723 - March 6, 1791), Knight of the Order of Santiago, who dedicated himself to a military career and was a Caballero Veintiquatro (akin to councilor) of Jerez and Master of the Real Maestranza de Caballería de Ronda; and of Nicolasa Martínez de Hinojosa y López Trujillo (or Truxillo) (Jerez de la Frontera, September 1, 1739 - October 10, 1823). These names go back to the reconquest of Jerez.
On 29 December 1780 (at 10 years old), José de la Serna was appointed alcalde for the caballeros hidalgos. On 8 September 1781, he was accepted as a knight cadet by the Military College of Artillery of Segovia; his admission took place on September 20, 1782. In 1789 he graduated as second lieutenant or ensign.
He saw his first service (as a cadet) in the defense of Ceuta against the Moors in 1784, distinguishing himself in outings that destroyed the batteries of the besieger, forcing him to lift the siege.
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This entry incorporates text from “José de la Serna, 1st Count of the Andes” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.