José María García de Toledo
Neogranadine lawyer (1769-1816)
José María García de Toledo y de Madariaga (11 February 1769 — 24 February 1816) was a Neogranadine lawyer and politician, who fought against the Royalist forces during the Patria Boba period that preceded the Colombian War of Independence.
Soon after the banishment of the Spanish governor on 14 June 1810 a Supreme Junta was established in Cartagena de Indias as a direct response to Napoleon's invasion of Spain. García was named as its president, and on 11 November 1811, the Junta declared the independence of Cartagena from Spain.
He was later shot, as one of the "Nine Martyrs", by Pablo Morillo on 24 February 1816, when the city was being "pacified" after the Siege of Cartagena (1815).
“José María García de Toledo” enters the record as neogranadine lawyer (1769-1816). Crown Archives preserves that source wording while asking what José, María and García can confirm, complicate or overturn.
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“José María García de Toledo” is worth following because a concise public description often conceals a longer documentary argument. Here, José, María and García provides the most credible route into that argument.
The entry’s evidential value lies in the named roles, institutions and publications that can be tested against primary documentation. The source revision retrieved here is dated Apr 7, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q6293240. VIAF identifies the subject as 39017127. The Library of Congress control number is no99087734. 3 of 3 selected statements include explicit references; 0 carry qualifiers and 0 use preferred rank. The first chronological checks are 1769, 1816, 1810 and 1811.
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This entry incorporates text from “José María García de Toledo” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.