Joaquín de la Pezuela, 1st Marquess of Viluma
39th viceroy of the Viceroyalty of Peru and Spanish general of the Royal Army of Peru (1761-1830)
Joaquín González de la Pezuela Griñán y Sánchez de Aragón Muñoz de Velasco, 1st Marquess of Viluma, (May 21, 1761 – 1830) was a Spanish military officer and viceroy of Peru during the Peruvian War of Independence.
Background
Pezuela was born into a hidalgo family originally from Santander. He attended the Artillery College in Segovia. In the army, he fought in the siege of Gibraltar, and later against the French in Guipúzcoa and Navarre, in 1793 and 1794. In 1805 he went to America as head of the army in Upper Peru (now Bolivia).
From there he went to Peru, when Viceroy José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa named him directory of the Royal Artillery. He reorganized the artillery, with emphasis on its modernization and technical aspects. In 1813 he was promoted to brigadier.
Viceroy of Peru
A defender of the Spanish Crown in South America, Pezuela fought the insurgents. He defeated Manuel Belgrano on October 19, 1813, in the Battle of Vilcapugio and again on November 14, 1813, in the Battle of Ayohuma (in present-day Bolivia).
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Vocabulary and entity names are the principal evidence signals here, because they determine the precision of every later search. The source revision retrieved here is dated Aug 12, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q1378635. VIAF identifies the subject as 49457497. The Library of Congress control number is nr2002033240. 3 of 3 selected statements include explicit references; 1 carry qualifiers and 0 use preferred rank. The first chronological checks are 1761, 1830, 1793 and 1794.
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This entry incorporates text from “Joaquín de la Pezuela, 1st Marquess of Viluma” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.