Sawai Jai Singh
Maharaja of Jaipur
Sawai Jai Singh II (3 November 1688 – 21 September 1743), was the 30th Kachhwaha ruler of the Kingdom of Amber, who later founded the fortified city of Jaipur and made it his capital. He became the ruler of Amber at the age of 11, after the untimely death of his father Mirza Raja Bishan Singh on 31 December 1699.
Initially, Raja Jai Singh served as a vassal of the Mughal Empire. He was given the title of "Sawai" by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb before the siege of Vishalgad Fort in Deccan. "Sawai" means one and a quarter times superior to his contemporaries. He received the title of "Maharaja Sawai, Raj Rajeshwar, Shri Rajadhiraj " in the year 1723 which happened to be the reign of later Mughals under emperor Muhammad Shah; this was in addition to the title of "Saramad-i-Raja-i-Hindustan", conferred on him on 21 April 1721.
Sawai Mirza Raja Jai Singh asserted his sovereignty by performing the Ashvamedha sacrifice, an ancient rite that is conducted by high rulers. He moved his kingdom's capital from the town of Amber to the newly established walled city of Jaipur in 1727 and performed two Ashwamedha sacrifices, one in 1734, and again in 1741.
Sawai Jai Singh II other than administration and state craftship had a profound interest in the fields of Mathematics, Architecture, Astronomy, Astrology and Literature. He commissioned the Jantar Mantar observatories at multiple places in India, including his capital Jaipur.
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