Separatist movements of India

Secession in India typically refers to state secession, which is the withdrawal of one or more states from the Republic of India. Whereas, some have wanted a separate state, union territory or an autonomous administrative division within India. Many separatist movements exist with thousands of members, however, some have low local support and high voter participation in democratic elections. However, at the same time, demanding separate statehood within under the administration of Indian union from an existing state can lead to criminal charges under secession law in India.

The Khalistan movement in Indian Punjab was active in the 1980s and 1990s, but was suppressed by the Indian Army. Secessionist movements in Northeast India involve multiple armed separatist factions operating in the Indian northeastern states which are connected to the rest of India by the Siliguri Corridor, a strip of land as narrow as 23 km (14.3 mi) wide. Northeastern India consists of the seven states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur, and Nagaland. Tensions existed between insurgents in these states and the central government as well as amongst their native indigenous people and migrants from other parts of India. Insurgency has seen rapid decline in recent years, with a 70% reduction in insurgency incidents and an 80% drop in civilian deaths in the Northeast in 2019 compared to 2013. Three ethnic groups of Meghalaya are demanding separate statehood like Garoland for Garo people, Khasi state for Khasi people and Jaintia state for Pnar people.