Ekākṣaroṣṇīṣacakra
Open-knowledge reference entry
Ekākṣaroṣṇīṣacakra (एकाक्षरोष्णीषचक्र), Japanese name Ichiji Kinrin Butchō (一字金輪仏頂), is a Buddhoṣṇīṣa and deification of the single-letter mantra Bhrūṃ (Devanagari: भ्रूँ, Siddham: 𑖥𑖿𑖨𑖳𑖼 , Japanese: ボロン), which was taught by the Buddha while settled in a profound state of samādhi.
The term “ekākṣara" (一字, Japanese: ichiji, lit. “one letter”) refers to the mantra "Bhrūṃ," which is expressed using a single Sanskrit syllable. "Uṣṇīṣacakra" (金輪, Japanese: kinrin, lit. “Golden Wheel”) refers to the most exalted of the Cakravartin kings, symbolizing the exceptional spiritual efficacy of this deity. In the Ichiji Kinrin Mandala (一字金輪曼荼羅), he is depicted alongside the seven treasures that accompany a Cakravartin king, which include the golden wheel, wish-fulfilling jewel, queen, horse, elephant, treasurer, and general).
Depending on the scriptural source, two forms of this deity are described: Śākyamuni of the Golden Wheel (Shaka Kinrin 釈迦金輪), representing Śākyamuni in the form of a Tathāgata, and Vairocana of the Golden Wheel (Dainichi Kinrin 大日金輪), representing Mahāvairocana in the form of a bodhisattva.
Śākyamuni of the Golden Wheel
Śākyamuni of the Golden Wheel (釈迦金輪) is regarded as a Buddha Crown manifested by Śākyamuni Buddha. His samaya form (三昧耶形) is the eight-spoked wheel, and his seed syllable is "Bhrūṃ."
In sculptural representations, he typically appears in the Tathāgata form with spiraled hair (螺髪) and dressed in red robes. He sits with a wheel placed atop both hands in the dhyāna mudrā, and is seated atop Mount Sumeru, within either a white moon disk halo that surrounds his entire body or a red sun disk.
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