Abdallah ibn Ibad
Medieval Islamic scholar
Abd Allah ibn Ibad al-Tamimi (Arabic: عبدالله بن إباض التميمي, romanized: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamīmī; died c. 700) was an Arab Islamic scholar and a leader of the Kharijites from Basra, of the tribe of Banū Saʿd of Tamīm. In traditional Islamic historiography, he is the founder and eponym of Ibāḍīsm.
Ibn Ibāḍ was one of the group of Basran Kharijites who, led by Nāfīʿ ibn al-Azraq, joined the defenders under ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Zubayr at the siege of the Kaʿba by the Umayyads in 683. After the siege was lifted, the Kharijites were disappointed by Ibn al-Zubayr's refusal to denounce the late Caliph ʿUthmān and returned to Basra. There they were imprisoned by the Umayyad governor ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Ziyād. When the Basrans rose up and overthrew Umayyad rule, the prisoners were freed. Ibn al-Azraq led many of them to Ahvaz, denouncing the townsmen as "polytheists". Ibn Ibāḍ remained in Basra. His father, Ibāḍ ibn ʿAmr al-Tamīmī, seems to have been the first leader of the moderates who refused to secede with Ibn al-Azraq.
Ibn Ibāḍ succeeded his father and wrote a defence of those Kharijites who stayed behind.
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