Energy in Myanmar
Open-knowledge reference entry
Myanmar's energy sector is characterised by low per capita energy consumption and a limited electrification rate, with an estimated 65% of the population lacking access to the national grid as of 2019. Most of the country's rural population relies on biomass, such as wood, as their primary energy source. Myanmar has abundant energy resources, particularly hydropower and natural gas. In 2017, electricity production was dominated by hydropower, which accounted for 74.7% of total generation. By 2020, the share of hydro had fallen to 54% as natural gas grew to 40%. In 2019, the government aimed to achieve 100% electrification by 2030 and to increase the share of renewable energy to 12% by 2025.
Myanmar's abundant energy resources have made it a net energy exporter in Southeast Asia. Hydropower potential is estimated for a generation capacity of 140 TWh annually, though future developments are mainly planned for export. Solar energy development is seen as a key climate change mitigation strategy. The oil and gas sector is a large part of the economy, with Myanmar serving as a net exporter of natural gas to countries like China and Thailand.
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